Justifications for the Institution of Slavery during the Antebellum Era Essay

In Chapter 11, it was stated that â€Å"Slavery is primarily a labor system intended to produce wealth for landowners†¦It increasingly became a capitalistic enterprise intended to maximize profits. As such, it was tied to a growing international web of economic relations. † By 1820, the South became the world’s largest producer of cotton. Cotton required continuous development, land, labor demand and a global system of trade. As such, it depended increasingly on the slave-based economy. However, the Upper South was experiencing a long depression and it affected prices. To survive, either the planters move or stay and diversify. Diversification meant shifting to grains and to selling slaves. Soon, the internal slave trade became a multi-million dollar industry. Until the 1830’s, slavery was explained as a â€Å"necessary evil. † However, the call for abolition of slavery was becoming stronger and they had to change their justification for maintaining slaves to make it more acceptable. The Southerners started to label slavery as â€Å"a positive good. † They based their justifications on five sources – the bible, history, the Constitution, science and sociology. The biblical justification makes reference to the curse imposed upon Ham, Noah’s son and the various verses from both the Old and New Testament reprimanding servants to always obey their masters. For its historical justification, they pointed out that all ancient civilizations were based on it and most likely even the current civilization depended â€Å"on the servitude of the blacks in America. † The Constitution was their reference to its legal justification which refused to abolish slavery and various laws passed protecting it such as the overseas slave trade and mandate for returning slaves to rightful owners. They also turned to science and twisted the data an conclusions to justify that blacks were an inferior race based on the cranial shape and size and must, therefore, submit to their destiny â€Å"to work for the superior Caucasians. † Lastly, the sociological justification was made more clear by the paternalistic statement as advocated by George Fitzhugh that the â€Å"’Negro is but a grown child and must be governed as a child’ and so needed the paternal guidance, restraint and protection of a white master. † Be that as it may, to free the blacks would mean â€Å"giving up our beautiful country to the ravages of the black race and amalgamation of the savages. † On the humanitarian side, they said that it would be heartless to release them especially after seeing that the blacks can only be industrial laborers working like slaves for meager pay from which they will have to use to pay for shelter, food and clothing. They will be a burden to the white people who have to compete for the same job and a burden to themselves for having to fend for themselves without the nurturing protection of a master. These justifications were had to be well-thought of so that it would not run contrary to the prevailing ideological directions of the American society at that time which espoused â€Å"individual liberty, mobility, economic opportunity and democratic political participation. † Moreover, they cannot afford to antagonize the probably envious non-slave owning whites that they had to emphasize â€Å"white superiority regardless of class. † The truth of the matter is that behind all these justifications, the real motive is money. By 1860, the crop per value of a slave is $125. Enslaved women increase their value whenever they give birth to healthy children. A prime field worker which sold for $600 in 1844 can go as high as $1800 following a cotton boom. All things told, what mattered most is that slavery is profitable.

Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant Essay

Problem Statement: Jose’s Mexican restaurant is a small yet popular spot. Lately they have been losing customers and profits due to service issues. In order to improve the restaurant, Jose’s Mexican Restaurant must provide service that is top-notch, in other words fast, efficient, great testing, convenient and heartwarming. What must the restaurant do in order to improve service? Areas for consideration: Quality at Jose’s restaurant should be defined by service, value, reliability of the experience and overall customers’ satisfaction. The quality of a product is defined as whether it fulfills its stated specifications. Customer satisfaction should be at the top priority for the restaurant. Customer satisfaction is the measurement of a product or service that meets or exceeds customer’s expectations. Therefore, the restaurant should focus on its customers’ needs and requirements, and strive to exceed their expectations. ` The factors that affect the quality of the service are conformance to specification, value, fitness for use, support and even psychological standard impression. Food should be delivered and served as to be what is promised on the menu. Also, the food should be cooked and prepared properly, to be fresh, clean, and to have exactly the ingredients and flavors that are ordered. Service staff should be neatly dressed and greet customers with a smile; personnel should be experienced and trained to accommodate the customer. Atmosphere is another important area of quality. At Jose’s, keeping with the Mexican themed decor creates the atmosphere for the Mexican prepared dishes. The overall establishment should maintain a level of cleanliness. Waiting areas for customers should be clean and comfortable during the peak times when a waiting to be seated is necessary. The service and meals should be dependable and consistent. Food should be prepared with the best available ingredients, and served quickly and correctly. Wait staff should provide prompt service, serving in the time promised, and make the customers feel unique and special. What are the restaurant’s costs of process failures? – Because of the lack of a waiting area and reservations Jose’s is losing customers that could have been accommodated better. According to the survey conducted an average of 20% of the customers are unsatisfied. Also due to the wait time for the food to be prepared over 30% of the customers are not satisfied. Even a whopping 14% of customers are not happy with how the food tastes, this is maybe due to the ingredients the cook was complaining about. Even the servers have problems a large 12% complained about their servers. When it all comes down to it a whopping 20% of these customers say that the dining experience was not worth the cost. What does this mean? It means that 20% of the customers are not coming back. So as we can see Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant really needs an overhaul. When a process fails to satisfy a customer, the failure is considered a defect. The more servers the easier it becomes to serve the customers. The more space, the less need for waiting to be seated in fact we may place a cozy waiting area for our guests. Renovations also mean you get to have the media evaluate your place again, meaning you’ll get on the paper, which means free advertising. Also a renovation will spark interest in your regular customers and the general public. People will talk about it. They will want to experience the new place. Disadvantages (Weaknesses and Threats) The expansion of space will take a long time, first a space has to be purchased. We are not even sure if the establishments around Jose’s will want to sell space. Then there comes the finances. Is Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant capable of shelling out large enough capital. New employees may be hard to train and not always needed thus accumulating more cost than what is desired. Also what if the renovation and space expansion takes too long and a new Mexican restaurant owned by someone else opens up? Will Jose’s customers remember it, or will they be satisfied with the new-one’s service? All these things must be put into consideration for even an assumed small weaknesses or threat maybe underestimated and can result or turn into a fatal error. Alternative 2 Use a Six Sigma Improvement Model (DMAIC) Six sigma, which relies heavily on the principles of TQM is comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and maximizing business success by minimizing defects and variability in processes. Although Six Sigma Improvement Model is a five step procedure that leads to improvement in process performance, the model can be applied to projects involving incremental improvement to process or to project requiring major changes including redesigning an existence process. The following steps comprise the model: The DMAIC project methodology has five phases: * Define  the problem, the voice of the customer, and the project goals, specifically. * Measure  key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data. * Analyze  the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation. * Improve  or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using techniques such as  design of experiments,  poka yoke  or mistake proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish  process capability. * Control  the future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. Implement  control systems  such as  statistical process control,  production boards, and  visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process. Let us use the Six Sigma Approach: 1- Define. Determine the characteristic of the process output that are critical to customer satisfaction and identify and gaps between these characteristics and the process’s capabilities. Get a picture of the current process by documenting it using flowcharts and process charts. At Jose’s, some of the concern are stated at the survey about customer satisfaction from the service they receive at Jose’s. The survey shows that 20% of the customers were not happy, and don’t consider the service they receive worth the money they pay. Look into the problem thoroughly and see if there are cracks in the system, for example we noticed that Jose’s does not take reservations. 2- Measure. Quantify the work the process does that affects the gap. Select what to measure, identify data sources, and prepare a data collection plan. In Jose’s case, the survey covers all the major issues that could have direct effect on the business performance. 3- Analyze. Use he data on measures to perform process analysis, applying tools such as Pareto charts, scatter diagrams, and cause-and-effect diagrams, and statistical process control (SPC) tools to determine where improvements are necessary. Jose’s should analyze the data from the survey in order to address the problem. 4- Improve. Modify or redesign existing methods to meet the new performance objectives. Implement the change. The Jose’s team should observe the positive achievement in the operation, and should stop the process if there were mismatching. 5- Control. Monitor the process to make sure that high performance level are maintain. Once again, data analysis tools such as pareto charts , bar charts scatter diagram, as well as statistical process control tools can be used to control the process. The selected operational procedure should be revised, and needs to be documented and this process must be firmly held by Jose’s operational team. In the operation processes, continuous improvement need to be find out for the more better performance from Jose’s in general and over all catering services. Advantages (Strengths and Opportunities) The Six Sigma Image Model is a thorough study of the problem. Through using this Jose’s will get down to the roots of the problem and maintain the system functioning well. It takes less time and resources to accomplish. It can be started immediately and the results are effective. This approach is not only cost effective but keeps the guessing-game out of the picture. Since this approach is cost-effective the money saved may then be invested in other things such as equipment, advertising or a totally new business depending on the owners judgment. Disadvantages (Weaknesses and Threats) I don’t really see any major flaws here except that it may be too tedious for the less-active folk. A threat can be that another restaurant may be able to use this system better and come out with better results than Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant. Conclusion and recommendation: Alternative 1 – may indeed spark interest and increase sales for an unknown period of time after the restaurant re-opens. However, this method is not cost-effective and will take too much time, effort and capital to set in motion and complete. And it does not take an in-depth look at the problem but only gives a superficial or shallow solution to the problem. With the information collected by Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant it is possible the restaurant is ready to take the Six Sigma Image Model approach. I therefore conclude that Alternative 2 which is to take an in-depth search of the problem through the Six Sigma approach originally developed and made popular by Motorola, USA can be most helpful to solving the problem with service at the said restaurant. This alternative takes a deep meaningful search of the problems, solves it and maintains it. This approach meets the objective of the study, which is to solve the service problem of Jose’s Authentic Restaurant. The importance of investing in a Six Sigma approach are the in-depth research, answers, information and system maintenance that will be available after this approach is completed. After all, it is a proven system that has been used by countless successful businesses. Aside from the research valuability, educating your employees with this approach may increase their self-esteem by providing them with information and a tool for success in life. Happy and confident employees result in a better work-ethic, which will then dramatically improve the service performance of Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant.

Characters in Hamlet Essay

William Shakespeare uses various elements, themes and connections between them to present ideas of enduring value in ‘Hamlet. His character development in Hamlet &Claudius and use of dramatic techniques present values in ‘Hamlet’ those of which are timeless. These enduring values include guilt, corruption and life & death. Shakespeare has used various dramatic techniques to express his idea and enduring value of guilt. In Act 1, as Polonius talks about ‘the devil hiding’, Shakespeare uses a dramatic technique as Claudius acknowledges his conscience in an aside, â€Å"how smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience†. Claudius is the villain of the play, however Shakespeare has a created a complex character with a working conscience and serious feelings of guilt. Claudius sense of guilt emerges through the use of the dramatic technique, soliloquy. Furthermore, it also makes him a more ‘rounded’ character in his development, not merely evil or lacking in human qualities. His guilt is emphasized when he attempts to ‘pray’, and he finds that as a sinner, he cannot, while he still desires the fruits of his crime, these being Gertrude and the crown, â€Å"Forgive me my foul murder? That cannot be since I am still possess’d of those effects for which I did the murder. †Shakespeare has used metaphor and alliteration in, Oh bosom black as death† as Claudius, concedes that he is not really capable of praying. From this point, as a development of his character, his villiany increases as he becomes desperate to eliminate Hamlet and ultimately plotting his death. Gertrude can also be played as experiencing guilt throughout until she concedes her guilt and claims it will not go away, â€Å"I see such black and grained spots/ As will not leave their tinct†. Claudius and Gertrude share the guilt for what goes wrong in the play, as theirs is the corruption that infects Denmark. Corruption is another prominent value in ‘Hamlet’. In Act 1, the dramatic technique, monologue is used as Claudius addresses his court and celebrates his coronation and marriage to Gertrude to reconcile the grieving for Old Hamlet. His speech, â€Å"mirth in funeral and dirge in marriage† is commonly known as ‘spin’ today. There is a notion that Claudius’ motive for killing Old Hamlet is envy, strictly a lust for power and to be king however this cannot be interpreted as Claudius consistently shows true love for Gertrude and displays qualities of a good king. Consequently, it is plausible that the function of the marriage is genuine however also essential for Claudius’ agenda which makes his reign corrupt. Shakespeare demonstrates the idea of corruption, that if the king reigns on false or evil grounds, hence the whole kingdom suffers, as Marcellus says, â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark†. Furthermore, through Hamlet’s main source of distress of the thought of his mother remarried too soon, and to his uncle, he introduces the theme of corruption with the technique, imagery, â€Å"unweeded gardens†. Hamlet interprets news of Old Hamlet’s ghost as a reflection of the corruption in Denmark, â€Å"My father’s spirit in arms! All is not well†. He believes that foul deeds will rise and that evil will inevitably unravel. The use of Hamlet’s development of a complex multi-faceted persona demonstrates Shakespeare’s idea on life and death, conveyed through the use of the dramatic technique, soliloquy. Hamlet’s situation in the play is relevant today because circumstances force him from being a critical observer of the world to being a participant, an experience that is universal. The flaw in Hamlet’s character lies in the involutions of his character. He is guilty of â€Å"thinking too precisely on th’event†, a man who â€Å"continuously resolves to do, yet does nothing but resolve†. It is assumed Hamlet is honest and open in his soliloquys. At other times he is puts on a ‘faà §ade’, the main purpose is to hide his true state of mind and intentions often portraying himself as ‘mad’. In Hamlet’s first soliloquy he is already contemplating about the desire to disappear or commit suicide, â€Å"O that this too too solid fle sh would melt†. Hamlet rejects the idea of trying to predict the future and reaches a point of acceptance of life, death, and everything more, â€Å"Not a wit, we defy augury†¦ the readiness is all†. This expresses the idea that what is destined is inevitable and what is significant is ‘readiness’. Hamlet acknowledges this when he holds up Yorick’s skull. The dramatic technique of visual imagery of Hamlet looking at Yorick’s skull is one of the most enduring images in all of literary history. It is a human confronting the truth, contemplating death and decomposition that even the greatest of humans are subject to. His speech on ‘readiness’ is all about his own death. It is this, which he must become ready for, something, which is presented as central sad truth of human life. ‘To be, or not to be, that is the question’ is definitive on life and death. It provides a stark contrast to the intense confrontation with Ophelia as it is contemplative, intellectual and uncharacteristic for someone who is supposedly ‘mad’. Shakespeare implies through Hamlet’s character development that the reason people do not commit suicide is because of the fear of the after life which is unknown and could potentially be worse. Hamlet ponders the question as a matter of philosophical debate. Yet though the play is thus rooted in its own time, ‘Hamlet’ seems to have a rapport with all ages and centuries. It speaks eloquently to the twentieth century as it did to the 17th 18th and 19th. Reasons for the play’s enduring appeal is attributed to the values Shakespeare has expressed. How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience Forgive me for my foul murder? This cannot be for I am still possess’d of the effects for which I did the murder I see such black and grained spots/ as they will not leave their tinct Something is rotten in the state of Denmark Mirth in funeral, dirge in marriage O that this too too solid flesh would melt Not a wit we defy augury My father’s spirit is in arms! All is not well Unweeded garden To be or not be, that is the question

Part a is online discussion (hiring for fit ) and part b is case study Essay

Part a is online discussion (hiring for fit ) and part b is case study - Essay Example This current selection approach has been noted to be effective because it is targeted on specific behaviors that enhance diversity, which in turn increases person-organization fit. 2. The organization has already spent resources to plan and implement training for employees. It would be important to review the effect of the training on staff motivation. If the training has been effective, employees should exhibit improvement in their motivation. However, since there has been no improvement, the evaluation could fault the training. Thus, the second option would be to revise the current training so as to have an effective one. Intervention topics type of training would be appropriate for this case since the objective is to improve employee motivation and subsequently customer service. Making the training off-the-job would enhance concentration among the employees as noted by Fried and Fottler (250) thus increase the likelihood of meeting the intended objectives. Since it would be conducted in small groups so as not to interrupt normal operations, group discussions would be beneficial for idea

What is a Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is a Tradition - Essay Example Traditions are usually instilled in us from a very young age. These traditions may be in the form of a Christmas morning, a Thanksgiving dinner, or simply just a family tradition that is unique to that specific family. All these events connect with something inside of us that make us look back fondly on them when we are older. Traditions define who we are and help to form our likes and dislikes, personal preferences, and characteristics. All of these traits are formed by the cultural traditions that we have been brought up in. The people who are closest to us generally shape our traditions because they have the greatest influence over our lives. The other thing about traditions is that they are highly memorable. This is because of the young age that we experience them and also because of the people who help to form them. These people are usually our family members because they are all that we have when we are young. Memorable traditions can be either good or bad; some traditions cause us to react negatively whenever we come across something similar in the future. The negative experience of a tradition may cause us to shy away from it in the future. For example, going to church is a strong tradition in some families. If we had a bad experience of attending church when we were younger, then we are more likely to react negatively to the idea of attending church once we are adults. Finally, traditions are ideally shared with those who we love because it reaffirms the importance and significance of them. If we participate in traditions with our loved ones, then we are more likely to feel comfortable while doing them. This will ultimately lead to the continuation of a tradition even once we are no longer with those who we love most. An example of this could be a yearly reunion between two older parents and their adult kids.  

The Biological Aspects of Aging Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Biological Aspects of Aging - Assignment Example It is, therefore, the renowned essayist and scholar Sir Francis Bacon has rightly stated the relationship between husband and wife in these words: â€Å"Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.† (literaturepage.com) The same applies to husbands too, who look after their elderly wives with extreme sympathy, compassion, and care. However, children should also acknowledge their responsibilities towards the aged and ailing parents; otherwise, their death leaves nothing but the feelings of utter repentance and remorse in the heart of the children. Though it is really worrying to note that dear aunt is suffering from depression, please do not take it to heart too seriously my dear. Man experiences several apparent and hidden changes as soon as he starts growing old. His physical and mental capacities start weakening gradually, which badly tells upon his mind and nerves. You see how certain factors work jointly to make man feeble and helpless. Since he is not ready for that all, he undergoes such disgusting feelings that cause depression, exasperation, and annoyance in him, which pave the way towards his psychological collapse and mental illness. The same is the case with my dear aunt and your kind mother Mrs. Andrew, who is undergoing mental retardation because of elderly years. â€Å"Certain psychological and physiological changes†, Ferrini & Ferrini observe, â€Å"that occur with age affect memory, thinking pro ­cesses, mood, and personality. Some of these changes are perceived as positive by elders. For example, th e elder has accumulated a wealth of experiences, which may result in improved judg ­ment, decision making, or empathy.† (2008: 194) You will also be worried about her weakness and ailment my dear Michael, as she would pretend a bit nagging too these days out of sheer feelings of depression and despair. Since elderly have a lot of experience and a bit wealth too.

The New age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New age - Essay Example Unlike many other religions that teach man is inherently a sinner unless cleansed, Scientology upholds that man is good. It teaches that man is his own soul that is immortal, and it is not a virtue that he possess, but rather, he is that virtue. Among the many appeals of Scientology is that the faithful believe what they please. It is also an applicable technology that answers questions on life, enabling people to have an insight of who they are (Lewis, 2007). Question Two The key contrasting aspect between religion and science is that religion presents statements that are absolute, while science develops from relative theories and truths of the forces and processes of nature. Religious statements can neither be proved right nor wrong, while scientific theories can bear their own evidence of falsehood or truth. Religion, unlike science, claims to have absolute knowledge on all arguments presented to it. While religious arguments are faith based, an authoritative, scientific theory wi ll demand evidence. It seeks to employ rational and realistic methods to gather information that helps to answer human curiosities and all its claims are open to criticisms that can prove otherwise. On the other hand, religion does not welcome criticism because of its faith foundation. It is mainly based on revelations from a divine being, and criticizing religion is considered a sin since faith does not seek proof. Question Three Globalization is the interaction and integration process between governments, organizations and people of different countries promoted by international investments and trade and encouraged by advances in information technology. It affects the culture, environment and economic trends of communities in the world, while also impacting political systems of all countries trading together. Technology and policy developments have led to tremendous increases in international trade volumes, making them cheaper and moving faster to more destinations. In the same sen se, the failures and shortcomings of humans are exhibited and exchanged among the trading partners because of the increased interconnectedness. In other words, atheism is spreading values that do not contribute towards the flourishing of human moral life. For example, technologies available can be used to sell pornography without easy detection. Human trafficking can also be conducted alongside trade as atheism poses long running challenges to freedom of cultures around the world. Demeaning and false ideas are spread faster than wholesome values and the poor, disabled and elderly become marginalized as atheism does not uphold the value of human life. Question Four Secularism can be viewed in two aspects. First, it is the government principle that gives the right not to be oppressed to any religious group by another one. Secondly, it is the separation of the state and its institutions from religious institutions and dignitaries. In the second sense, it thus implies that citizens are free from state imposed religions and the state takes a neutral stand on belief matters. Political activities of that state are not biased by religious manipulations. It is better for states to remain secular for the sake of practicing democracy. A country with mixed cultures and religion should be allowed to practice their preferred faith without being a nuisance or danger to the society. Question Five The Wicca Church’

The Importance of Marketing for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Marketing for Business - Essay Example But Nike’s marketing success has more to it than just promotional hype. Nike gives its customers far more than just good sports gear. They make sure the customer doesn’t just wear his Nikes, he experiences it. Nike doesn’t just market sports shoes or athletic wear; it markets a way of life (Kotler). The Nike examples proves that through smart and innovative marketing businesses can create value for customers, build strong customer relationships and capture value from them in return. The importance of marketing to businesses: Helps businesses create value for customers: Marketing helps a business in creating value for its customers. Most companies today implement customer driven marketing strategies which allow them to create value for target customers. The process can be better understood through the following diagram: 1 Companies today identify and select marketing segments, develop products and marketing programs targeted to each and focus on the buyers who hav e more interest in the values that they create the best. They then decide on a value proposition by differentiating the market offering and positioning it in the minds of the target customers. Helps businesses create lasting relationships: The customer relationship management part of marketing is about maintaining and building profitable business relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Just as companies are being very choosy about which customers to serve, they are serving the chosen customers in a more lasting way. Marketing today has become an art of finding, retaining and multiplying profitable customers Relating Directly: Apart from helping companies connect more deeply with their customers, marketing also helps companies connect to customers more directly. It helps customers buy virtually everything without going to a store through telephone, online, mail order catalogs etc. In fact, such has been the success of direct marketing that some companies such as Dell only use the direct channel to sell their products (Kotler). Social CRM: Marketing also helps businesses build strong, lasting and profitable relationships with customers through social media. The benefits that businesses achieve by effective use of social media are: 1. By effective use of social media companies can quickly build a network of core customers and supporters (Richardson). The feedback that loyal customers can provide is extremely valuable to businesses and can sometimes lead to major improvements in how a business offers a product or a service. Networks of loyal followers such as these can also help the company find new customers by referring the company’s product or service to others if they are pleased with what they have found. 2. Social media also helps a company attract more traffic to its website. The more traffic the company’s website continually obtains, the higher its ranking grows amongst the search engines (Richardson). High ranki ng with the search engines, in turn, helps the company attain better online exposure and visibility. More traffic to the company’s website also helps the company spread information about new products and services quicker 3. Apart from attracting useful feedback social

International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International law - Essay Example 2002). Under the principle of restrictive sovereign immunity, states will only be immune from suit if it is exercising government functions but not when it is doing private acts or entering into commercial transactions (Tunks M. 2002). When the immunity of the state from suit is restricted, the immunity of its officials is also restricted. Accordingly, there are three distinct principles that involve the idea of the immunity of the head of state and other government officials who are visiting other countries like the United States. These three principles are the state sovereign immunity principle, the diplomatic immunity principle and the head of state immunity principle (Tunks 2002). The origins of the principle of head-of-state immunity derives from the idea that the state and its rulers are one and the same ( Mallory J. 1986). As the alter ego of the state, the state officials are therefore accorded with some degree of immunity which, like that of the immunity of the state itself, is subject to restrictions. Although there are some decided cases involving the immunity of state officials from prosecution for international offences, this area had remain gray for most part. If we take a closer look at the laws and treaties governing the United States and its visiting foreign state officials, there has not really been a clear cut policy of government on the extent of the immunity enjoyed by state officials form prosecution for international offences (Bederman D. 2001). We shall discuss this principle more thoroughly in the later part of the paper. On the other hand, diplomatic immunity is anchored on the principle that diplomats are representatives of their country and that without such immunity; they will not be able to carry out property their official functions. Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the purpose of diplomatic immunity was clearly

EC Policy on VAT Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EC Policy on VAT Assessment - Essay Example Nonetheless, the players in the financial services sector have emerged in recent years as among the largest groups of companies in the world and, despite this fragmentation, financial service companies as a group have become by far the most profitable in the world. For example, the UK-based financial services conglomerate HSBC and Barclays are among the world's largest corporations. For this reason, the European Commission in the 1990s took up a plan to include financial services and insurances in the value added tax (VAT) system for all member states, with the primary purpose of making the markets for financial services efficient. The plan was embodied in the Sixth VAT Directive of EC, part of the Financial Services Action Plan which was issued in 1977. Under the EC Treaty, all member states are obliged to adopt EC Directives into their own statutes although they can choose the forms or methods by which to implement them1. The 1977 VAT directive, however, was met with hostility by m ember states, which were reluctant to implement the tax measure. This paper tracks the difficulty of modernizing the VAT system for financial and insurance services for EU that would be acceptable to all and would advance the EC policy of promoting integration and competition in this industry for Europe's future growth in prosperity and employment. A critical evaluation of the compromise measure proposed by EC is in order as a way of contributing to the consultation process being conducted by the Commission to craft a more realistic and more acceptable VAT system for financial and insurance services. Thus, the paper attempts to present an opinion on whether the new VAT system proposed by EC will be more successful than the first. Problems & Issues Financial markets have developed in such a way that even interpretation of classic terms like credit gives rise to difficulties. The Commission services have been confronted with an increasing number of cases where economic operators and member states had problems in interpreting the definitions of exempt services under the Sixth VAT Directive. These cases often reflect the complexity of financial and insurance products, extending to questions such as whether there is a taxable supply and where the place of supply is located. The most serious objections to the imposition of VAT on financial services and insurance firms were the absence of a readily identifable mechanism for efficiently implementing the tax proposal, and the increase in consumer credit that it is expected to generate. Another issue raised against the imposition of VAT on customers of financial and insurance services was the way it offends political sensibilities2. The financial services industry, being engaged in the management of money, involves public interest because a bank run, for example, can harm a national economy. Thus, governments of EU member states carefully regulate the operation of these companies, such that in UK, the Financial Services Authority has been clothed with greater powers to go after financial services firms that mishandle their affairs and funds3. The difficulty for EC consisted mainly in the impossibility of establishing taxable amounts and the amounts of deductible VAT without

Personal narrative Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Narrative - Personal Statement Example A male doctor approached my bed and gave me a quick examination. That is when reality struck me, the pain I was under was not just from the stitches in my face, but every part of my body was aching. The events that led to the state I was in are still fresh in my mind, even though they doo not haunt me nor make me regret, they act as a stern reminder on the need to follow parental orders and doing things at the right time. Writing down my reflections of that horrific Friday that left me in a vegetative state for a year, I would like to plead with my young colleagues at college and in high school to take control of their lives. The events of that fateful Friday night had been seamlessly planned for a month and my friends, and I, were revved up for a mind-blowing night. The mind-blowing aspect amuses me, as at times I tend to think that it did indubitably happen, but on a lighter note as my mind was almost literally blown off. It was during the beginning of March when my friends I decid ed to plan for a house party at the end of the month to be held at John’s, my classmate, place. His parents would be travelling to the countryside for a week, providing the opportune moment for executing our plans. The house party idea was initially meant to be for twenty friends, but word got round so fast that majority of the teenagers at school wanted to attend. This was supposed to be the usual party held by a group of teenagers, but it had escalated into the party of the year way before it had happened. As the schemers of the idea, we decided to charge selected people who were to attend, and use the amount collected for provision of food and drinks. The idea seemed brilliant as we collected five thousand dollars, a huge sum, considering that a hundred individuals would attend the party. The night for the awaited event finally came and we all decided to grace the occasion in style using our parents’ vehicles. I had actually lied to my parents that I was going to Jo hn’s place to give him some company as we finished on some class work. At the back of my mind, I was impressed that I could lie to my parents with a straight face and get away with it, without the knowledge of the events that were to unfold. I could hardly concentrate on anything, and my mind was poised for the night’s events. The anticipation as it appeared was not a unique thing as people turned up early and all psyched up. We had purchased a lot of alcoholic beverages mixing them up with punch to be drunk during the whole night. It was a deception to think that the party would be a secret affair especially with the alcohol around. I had decided to take it slow on the alcohol and only took small pints at a time not knowing the cumulative effect that it would have by the end of the night. Everyone at the party indulged in the drink with several of my friends passing out at the early stages of the party. Things intensified as the night wore on, and everyone was highly intoxicated to think straight. To spur things up we decided to engage in a random game of â€Å"truth or dare† by spinning a bottle. The game is synonymous with majority of the parties that take place around the country, but the night’s tragedy were a direct result of the game and the alcohol. It was my turn and asked for the option between truth or dare I opted for a dare seemingly courageous enough to do anything asked of me by my challenger. The dare involved me driving with a

The Influences of Music Essay Example for Free

The Influences of Music Essay According to social statistics (n.d.), 52.17 percent of people listen to music every day and 26.63 percent of people listen to music almost every day. It implies that music plays a vital role in society. Due to human’s creations, such as televisions and radios, which make music be heard more easily. Unsurprisingly, it becomes a huge part of people’s lives. It has a connotation in itself. Therefore, this essay will illustrate that music can influence people in various ways: feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Feelings can be affected by music. For me, rock songs, such as Know Your Enemy by Green day, makes me feel uncomfortable and upset due to its heavy, loud, and fast beat. Besides, according to North, Tarrant, and Hargreaves(2004), listeners who listen to a nonviolent rock song will have lower levels of opposed feelings than listeners who listen to a rock song with aggressive lyrics. Conversely, when I am upset or angry, a pop music, like Live High by Jason Mraz, can change my mood completely. Its smooth voice and soft tone fit perfectly together. And it has such a huge impact on me; it gives me a chill feeling which can help me feel better and get rid of such things. Furthermore, the lyrics of some song can make me smile unexpectedly, such as Happy by Mocca. The song says â€Å"Dont You Give up, Keep Your Chin up, And Be Happy†. It expresses that no matter what happens, just stay strong and be happy. It is such a lovely phrase that can instantly turn my whole world upside down. Music has an impact on thoughts. Muchet (2010) said that a study of 121 Midwestern high school students’ music preference pointed out that 75 percent of girls who like listening to heavy metal music have thought about suicide compared with 35 percent of girls who like listening to other kinds of music. Plus, almost 50 percent of boys who favor heavy metal have considered suicide compared to others who like listening to non-metal music. On the other hands, music can have a positive benefit on thoughts. Some song has meaningful lyrics that can motivate people. For example, the lyrics from Lose Yourself by Eminem: â€Å"You better lose yourself in the music, the moment You own it, you better never let it go You only get one shot, do not miss your chance to blow This opportunity comes once in a lifetime† It tries to convince people that you had better not let any opportunity slips away by not trying to grab it. This song can truly motivate me and change my thought. I used to think that there are abundant opportunities out there, and I can catch it whenever I want. Then, this song totally changed my thought. Music influences behavior. According to Palmer(2003), researchers from Iowa State University and the Texas Department of Human Services found that aggressive behavior is perpetuated from offensive music lyrics and have long-term effects. Sallinger(2005) stated that Richard Paul White, Colorados serial killer, said his action was inspired by the song Ride the lightning by Metallica. In the following lyrics: Guilty as charged But damn it, it aint right There is someone else controlling me Death in the air Strapped in the electric chair This cant be happening to me Who made you God to say Ill take your life from you! This phrase influenced him to commit the crime. Beside, in case of drug addiction, Not an addict by K’s Choice is a good example due to its lyrical content. It says â€Å"Its not a habit, its cool, I feel alive. If you dont have it, youre on the other side. Im not an addict (maybe thats a lie)†. It indicates that using drug is cool and you might be sort of weird if you do not use it. In fact, using drug does not even come close to the word â€Å"cool†. Therefore, it this lyrics might affect people in a poor way that they have to behave like this in order to be cool. To conclude, music has a massive effect on people’s lives. People listen to it almost every day and that gives music a power to be able to influence our lives. People’s moods, thoughts, and behaviors can be affected by the lyrical and tonal content of the song they listen to. It has both advantage and disadvantage, so it depends on which side they choose to perceive.

Analyzing Leadership and Motivation Styles at Tata Steel

Analyzing Leadership and Motivation Styles at Tata Steel As we all know that the steel is an important item which implies the evolution and prosperity of any nation .The steel industry is basically a start-up for the development of any country .For an overall growth of India ,which is emerging as an expeditiously industrialized country ,it was very essential to accomplish the technological change in the making of iron and steel .Today ,some of the top nations which produces steel are developing countries .For instance ,China is one of the largest steel producing country in the world .Indias position is tenth as mentioned in Wilhelm 1998,Steel Scenario Yearbook,1998.India being a large deposit of iron-ore ,a low labour workforce ,highly qualified manpower resources but still it could not generate the required thrust in order to bring the technological changes. Developing countries cannot always afford to build up or extend their own technologies .They need sometimes to bring technologies from other developed countries .The characteristics of socio-economic factors of India have greatly influenced the technological growth of the country in general .India turn out to be having a good technology base and also has developed a high level of adequate quality in the areas of information technology ,atomic energy and space sciences. In such case when India was emerging to be a developing nation,I would like to state about one of the leader whose leadership skills and motivation styles took India to great level of technology and growth and prosperity features. Jamsedji Nusserwanji Tata was one of the leader whose continuous innovations led India to develop a lot.He was born in a Parsi family on march 3,1839. At the age of 14,he came to Bombay and in 1868,at the age of 29,he started a private trading firm with a small capital of Rs 21,000.During this period,he travelled a lot to various places which inspired in him the desire to set up a bankrupt oil mill and then he convert it into cotton mill where cotton goods were manufactured and was named as Alexander Mill.His continuous efforts and inspirations led him to develop and launch few mills which were supported by Indian shareholders.He was a unique personality.He not only thought about the innovative ways to manufacture textiles and gain profit from them but he also devised new labour practices which satisfied his employees.He always mentioned that its not just his personal success but also for all those employess who have worked for him. Jamshedji was such a nationalist who made significant remarks of the industrial revolution and came to the conclusion that the economic self-sufficiency should go hand in hand with political independence and thus he then made three important basic ingredients: the steel is very important and can be addressed as the mother of heavy industry; hydroelectric power was the cheapest energy to be generated and finally, the technical education. A report on the rich iron ore deposits in India highly motivated him to set up a steel plant for the nation.He researched for years about the process of making the steel and also travelled to Europe and the US for technical advice from other revolutionary thinkers and nationalists.Due to his leadership skills,he was able to set and start a steel plant.The Tata iron and Steel was formed in 1907,in Jamshedpur,in Jharkhand.Also in 1892,he endowed an investment for deserving students for their higher education in abroad.He basically envisioned a national system of education and research institutes in the fields of science and technology,medicine,philosophy and arts. Unfortunately,he was not able to achieve all the three key ideas that he had in mind during his lifetime.The achievement he had was that he had completed Taj Mahal. The Tata Iron and Steel Company grew rapidly and by 1911,its production increased upto 70,000 tons of iron per year .According to the Dictionary of National Biography,the entire industry would support 60,000 workers and their dependants which was truly a high number.Jamshedji was renowed for his enthusiasm embrace innovations and use them not only to improve not only his business but also the lives of the Indian people.He was the first man in India to use rubber tires on his carriage and the first to drive an automobile in the Mumbai city.As the Dictionary of national Biography noted,he characteristically showed ,first,an extensive imagination and keen perception,next a scientific and calculating study of the project and all that is involved and finally a high capacity for organization.He was a man of simple values and perceptions and he scorned publicly or self-adverstisement.Though he passed away by the time,his spirits and efforts were carried forward by his son RD Tata and his co usin Dorabji. Jamshedji was a man whose leadership skills and motivations styles made the plant established,thought about the welfare of his employees.He not only envisioned a emphasized and dynamic workforce but he also envisioned a planned city with a lot of greenery around. Leadership according to JRD meant motivating others, As a chairman,my main responsibility is to inspire respect. According to JRD,the quality had to match innovation.He repeatedly stressed , If you want excellence ,you must aim at perfection. The symbol T has to be the symbol of quality.He was the man who was known for his renowed brand comprising the total quality of the Tata group. Tata too believed in the positive Pygmalion effect towards his employees.He asked the question ,if the workers or employees were being treated exceptionally well,why were they frequently discontented and suspect and hostile towards the company? According to Tata,the viewpoint of any successful labour policy depends upon making the employees feel what they wanted. He was a man who continuously believed in the positive Pygmalion effect which led to a great extension of the Tata group with the help of all the motivated and inspired employees. Thus Tata Steel became one of the earliest companies in India who had a dedicated human resources department.JRD was Indias most well known industrialist,widely respected for his massive contribution to the development of Indian Industry and aviation in particular.Some of the leadership skills about JRD Tata can be stated as follows :approachable,realistic,charismatic,courageous,compassionate,supportive towards innovation,aware of a sense of responsibility,committed to values and a visionary.Jamshedji and Tata both proved themselves to be an authentic leaders and had set a vision for Tata group. Tata Iron and Steel set up in 1907 comes under Tata group which is a private multinational firm with its headquarters at Mumbai.The present chairman is Ratan Tata who took over from JRD Tata in 1991.With the continuous efforts ,its operations covers many fields related to industry,application engineering,information technology,communications,materials,automotive,chemical energy,telecommunications,softwares,hotels,steel and consumer goods. Mission: The aim of the Tata Group is to improve the quality of life in the society by virtue of integrity,understanding,excellence,unity and responsibility. The Tata Group is 150 years old.It currently comprises 96 operating countries,which together employed some 357,000 people worldwide and had enough revenues of US $ 72.5 billion (Feb 2009).It exports products and services to one hundred and forty nations.The Charitable trust of Tata holds 65.8% of the ownership of Tata Group.The production in Tata Steel actually started in 1912 and produces steel at the lowest cost in the world.In 1910,the Tata Hydro-electric Power Supply company was set up. Today the extension of the Tata Group is really remarkable.Tata offers management,economic and financial services.It offers great services in investments and market shares.It is linked to consumer durables like tea,watches,gold,diamonds ; information and communication systems like TCS,Nelco,Tata Infotech,VSNL,Tatanet. Current Financial Crisis: Due to the global financial market crisis,the demand in the steel and its related products has led a drop down.But Tata Steel has still expressed the tendancy for the best possible outcome about retaining its position as one of the worlds largest steel makers.According to media reports ,in October 2008,company vice president ,Partho Sengupta claimed that Tata steel was deliberately well planned to handle the current financial crisis. Awards and Achievements: The Tata Steel was awarded Deming Application Prize in 2008 for Total Quality Management. It is very clear that the leaders are very clear about what they are making and also very flexible about how it gets made.The leaders can make and remake organizations.Jamshedji and Tata were such leaders who were succeeded in embarking on brand building expedition and whose goal was to unify the distinct and diffuse enterprise . Tata brand has strengthen its leadership position on all parameters and those parameters includes knowledge of the business environment,dynamism,workplace quality,quality of products and services ,consistency,reputation and renowed. The Tata Group can be called as a unique assest which represents Leadership with Trust. It provides complete management and financial resources to emerge and develop globally competitive skills to succeed in this endeavor.Tata has strong values where vision and mission comprises of ensuring growth and developing sustainable value to all stakeholders.It mainly focus on the culture of sustainability.It believes in collaboration mea ns it believes in achieving success through teamwork,within employees and partners.Its values composes of care or concern about the well being of its employees and bettering its standards continuously with passion and pride. According to Ratan Tata,in addition to good leadership and management,loyalty must be earned by managers and employees.Hes gentle,kind manner give rise to loyalty and yet he encourages his manager to make tough decisions. I am highly inspired by the leadership skills and motivating styles of such great leaders who have really worked for the growth and prosperity of the nation.Their inspirational motivations associates them to commit to the vision of the organization which in turn had also encourage the employees to reach the goals.I firmly believe that their innovations and creativity had really has a challenging effect on the normal beliefs of the people.They are the real leaders who had individual consideration with each of its associates which help them to reach goals of the organization.Today the Tata group is a renowned company which inspires confidence in its employees,encourage employees to volunteer to perform tasks and high employee satisfaction.This is the reason why the leading brand of Tata group is able to maintain its position and becoming better with its own authenticity.Today,Tata deals with its costumers worldwide countries like China,Japan,Malaysia,Singapore,France,Germany. It is ver y true that the teamworks within any organization helps businesses to overcome all kinds of problems whether it is internally or externally.Moreover,corporate teamwork covers the whole information on how people can expand their knowledge through teamwork and how teamwork helps organization build and grow.Tata is a global growing company where employees keep emerging with their ideas of innovation.The big reason for this is the brand recognition of Tata.According to the Economist blogs,Tata has interests ranging from mineral water to steel.It has also become the symbol of Indias growing overseas.Its transformation into global scale is very large.

Area Based Regeneration Programmes | Evaluation

Area Based Regeneration Programmes | Evaluation Area based regeneration programmes contribute to managing social exclusion but they do not resolve the problem. Critically discuss this statement. The following is a critical discussion of the statement that area based regeneration programmes contribute to managing social exclusion yet fail to resolve the problem. Area based regeneration programmes were developed for various reasons, such as tackling poverty, economic regeneration, reducing unemployment, and managing social exclusion. That the latter was not the sole or exclusive objective of the area based regeneration programmes may explain whether these programmes have or have not resolved the problem of social exclusion. There are also arguments that social exclusion is not a problem that could be completely resolved by any single political, economic, and social policy operating by itself. Social exclusion could be understood in different ways so that some organisations or individuals may be believe that managing it or resolving it would be harder or easier than other people would expect. The management of social exclusion without resolving the problem as a whole may or may not be a commendable achievement within its own right, even if it still leaves the problem of social exclusion in existence, this to will be critically discussed. Area based regeneration programmes came into existence to counteract the damaging economic and social consequences of industrial decline in Britain’s inner cities like Liverpool, London, or Birmingham; and in some of the country’s most heavily industrialised areas such as North Eastern England, the Clyde, and South Wales from the1970s onwards. These industrial areas were locations were the Conservatives electoral support had often been weak although until the Thatcher government the party had been content to subsidise industries in these areas. Previously, government policies did not specifically attempt area based regeneration programmes to tackle social exclusion. Instead governments aimed to use Keynesian economic policies to maintain full employment, and when necessary would keep factories, coalmines, and shipyards open in run down areas with government subsidies. Where any regeneration had taken place it had usually been the replacement of slum housing with new hou sing estates and tower blocks (Fisher, Denver, Benyon, 2003 p. 12). Government policies were meant to reduce, manage, or resolve social exclusion by helping people upon an individual basis by targeting social security, health, education, and housing policies to those that needed that help the most. Individuals rather than geographical areas, or local communities were the focus of help from the government. To tackle social exclusion governments had also introduced legislation to reduce social and economic discrimination, such as race relations and equal pay legislation (Coxall, Robbins, Leach, 2003 p. 397). Ironically enough the impetus for the development of area based regeneration programmes would occur under the Conservative governments after 1979, which were not initially interested in managing social exclusion or implementing area based regeneration programmes. Running these regeneration programmes was contrary to the Thatcherite ethos of reducing state involvement in social and economic policies. Thatcherite economic policies ended subsidies to the nationalised industries leading to factories, coalmines, and shipyards closing down. Those closures and the collapse of uncompetitive private sector companies lead to high unemployment in former industrialised areas and the inner cities, that in turn increased levels of social exclusion (Moran, 2005 p. 14). The Thatcher government only began area based regeneration programmes as a response to the inner city riots of 1981, which, highlighted the problems that social exclusion and economic decay could cause (Taylor et al, 2000 p.331). At this point the social exclusion and economic deprivations in the former industrial areas and the inner cities reached levels that had not been witnessed since the hard hitting depression of the 1930s (Jones, 1999 p. 8). At first the Thatcher government seemed unable to slow down the increasing levels of social exclusion let alone manage or reduce that problem, which it considered less important than lowering inflation, weakening the trade unions, and rolling back the state. Of course increasing levels of unemployment actually meant that expenditure on social security benefits increased rather than decreased. No doubt the Thatcher government was helped in its decision to start area based regeneration programmes by the availability of European Union regional development funds, that were allocated to the most economically deprived and socially excluded regions within the member states. This meant that the government was able to receive extra funding to regenerate the areas most severel y affected by the recession of the early 1980s, and were by-passed any economic recovery or moves to manage social exclusion (Moran, 2005 p. 100). Area based regeneration programmes were primarily aimed at economic regeneration to reduce unemployment, and its linked social consequences such as rising crime levels and increased incidence of social exclusion. It was believed that reducing unemployment would manage and perhaps eventually remove social exclusion, whilst social security benefits were supposed to help those that did not or could not work. The Conservatives established regional development corporations to carry out regeneration programmes in the inner cities and former industrial areas, for instance regenerating parts of London, Birmingham, and Liverpool. However under the Conservatives the main efforts to manage social exclusion were confined to helping individuals through government training schemes such as Training for Work and the Youth Training Scheme (Fisher, Denver, Benyon, 2003 p. 16). New Labour was keen to extend area based regeneration programmes to proactively manage, and perhaps eventually resolve social exclusion, and increase measures to reduce unemployment. New Labour extended its New Deal initiative to cover deprived areas within the New Deal for Communities programme (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 175). The New Deal for Communities programme was meant to be in a slightly different form to previous area based regeneration programmes as local community groups were supposed to have a greater influence over the projects selected to regenerate their local communities (Fisher, Denver, Benyon, 2003 p. 216). Generally community groups have welcomed being able to have an influence over the projects selected to regenerate their communities. Community groups before New Deal for Communities often felt excluded from the decision-making processes relating to the areas in which they lived in (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 175). Not every New Deal for Communities programme has gone well, most notably the Aston Pride Project which failed due to a poor relationship between the community groups, the local authority, and various government agencies. The project was closed down early amidst allegations of corruption within the community groups and counter allegations of racism within the local authority and government agencies (Dale, May 28 2004). Whilst area based regeneration programmes have been largely effective at managing social exclusion, there are limits to explain why these programmes are unlikely to resolve the problem of social exclusion altogether. When area based regeneration programmes have been completed there maybe new businesses that have moved to that location and sometimes the standard of housing has been improved, certainly positive achievements, yet not likely to resolve social exclusion by themselves (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005, p. 175). Both Conservative and New Labour governments have found through experience that area based regeneration programmes are more likely to succeed in managing and eventually resolving the problem of social exclusion when used in conjunction with other initiatives, such as tackling discrimination, poor housing, health and education services. Social exclusion will also need reduced crime levels to stand a chance of being managed (Jones et al, 2004, p. 619). Schemes such as Training for Work New Deal can lower unemployment, yet there are limits on what they can achieve. Completing those schemes has made people more employable, although they may gain employment outside of the deprived or regenerated areas that they live in. New Deal is probably here to stay as part of New Labour’s welfare to work strategy. New Deal itself targets extra help to those groups that have found it harder to find or keep jobs, such as lone parents and the disabled (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 316). These groups are more vulnerable to suffering from social exclusion without living in areas that are economically or socially deprived. These groups are not only helped by New Deal, they are also helped by tax credits and child tax credits. The government wished to improve the opportunity for all children with better education provision and the Sure-start programme for children from deprived areas or families with low incomes. New Labour has also attempted to tackle social exclusion am ongst pensioners with the introduction of pension credit (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p.315). Therefore it can be concluded that area based regeneration programmes have helped to manage social exclusion without being able to remove the problem itself. Area based regeneration programmes were primarily set up to lower unemployment and reduce social exclusion that was higher in the inner cities, and former industrial areas such as North East England, and South Wales. The Thatcher government in many respects made the problem of social exclusion worse rather than better as it pursued economic and social policies that increased unemployment, crime, and social deprivation. The inner city riots of 1981 got the Thatcher government to start area based regeneration programmes in order to maintain political stability, and economic growth. It however became harder to manage levels of social exclusion due to the sell off of council houses that made it harder for people on low incomes to afford their housing costs. The beginning of EU spending to boost and regenerate the most run down areas in the community provided extra funding for the British government to spend more on managing social exclusion. New Labour has been much more interested in managing and if possible resolving the problem of social exclusion by using area based regeneration programmes in combination with other measures such as Surestart, New Deal, and EU regional development funds. New Labour has tried to increase the amount of area based regeneration programmes in existence with its New Deal for Communities initiatives which have included local community groups in the decision-making process and have contributed to managing social exclusion effectively aside from the Aston Pride Project. Bibliography Coxall B, Robins L Leach R (2003) Contemporary British Politics 4th edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke Dale P – Aston Pride race bias allegation, Birmingham Post May 28 2004 Fisher J, Denver D, Benyon J, (2003) Central Debates in British Politics, Longman, London Jones B, (1999) issues in British Politics Today, Manchester University Press, Manchester Jones B, Kavanagh D, Moran M, Norton P, (2004) Politics UK, 5th edition, Pearson Longman, London Moran M, (2005) Politic and Governance in the UK, Palgrave, Basingstoke Seldon A Kavanagh D, (2005) The Blair Effect 2001 – 5, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Taylor P, Richardson J, Yeo A, Marsh I, Trobe K Pilkington A (2000) Sociology in Focus, Causeway Press Limited, Ormskirk

Stir The Coffee Essay -- essays research papers

Through the steam of my coffee I could see a miniature set of shiny red shoes swinging back and forth underneath the counter at the diner. A little girl had been sitting atop the red stool since I had arrived, just sitting watching the cook flip pancakes all morning long with a mature sense of fascination. Up and down, and up and down, over and over again, the batter always formed into delicious solid creations, some with blueberries, some with chocolate, some just plain and simple. The cook sported a wonderful apron that looked like it had been around forever, cooked a million pancakes, and still lived to tell its tale of the oils and toppings and syrups it had seen in its day. The old man’s red shirt could be seen through the burn holes in the apron, as if they were war wounds. The cook didn’t seem to mind the heat of the stove, or stir at all when the burning oil from the pan spat at his flesh. He was caked in a film of grease, butter and batter, and only occasionally broke from his cooking rituals to wipe his forehead with the sopping wet rag that was slung over his left shoulder. Each pancake was a delicate creation that the old man prepared with great consideration and effort, making each one perfect, but none the same. Never would the man be compared to any machine- every one was original, every one special. The special of the day was peanut butter pancakes, although I didn’t see anybody order that one. The little girl with the shiny shoes, who had been there sinc...

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Charles Dickens Essays

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Charles Dickens makes this extract memorable and significant as it is the first time Pip, a working class boy from the forge, meets Miss Havisham and Estella who are going to have an important and significant affect on his life. Pip is invited to Miss Havisham's residence Statis house. This is important as he doesn't know why he was invited and before he goes he is told there may be something in this for him. The reader knows this might be true due to the title of the play "Great Expectations" Dickens makes Pip's first encounter with Miss Havisham and Estella at Statis House a significant and memorable point in the novel in a number of ways. The first point that makes it memorable is that it is written in first person narrative. Pip says "sat the strangest lady I have ever seen, or ever shall see". This image is seen through the eyes of a child so it will be memorable to him as he will never forget this lady. This also gives the reader first hand experience into what Pip is seeing. Another point why Dickens makes this a significant and memorable part of the novel is that at the beginning of the extract we do not know who the lady is. Dickens uses pronouns to name her, he uses words like "she" and "her". This makes it significant as Dickens is building up an appearance of the character before he tells you her name. Dickens makes a memorable part of the novel when he describes the lady's clothes. He says "she had a long white veil dependant from her hair and she had bridal flowers in her hair". This gives the impression of a young bride. Dickens uses the adversative clause "but" so we know something is going to be wrong. Dickens then says "her hair was white". This then changes the reader's perception of the character so this is why it is memorable as it now sticks in the readers head. Another memorable part of the extract is how Dickens gets across that this lady is wealthy. Dickens just doesn't say she is rich he describes her assets that pip can see in the room. He describes the fabrics "rich material- satins, and lace, and silks". He also describes her jewellery "bright jewels" and "some other jewels lay sparkling on the table". These all tell you how rich she is and the adjectives "bright" and "sparkling" makes it memorable to the character and the reader. A way Dickens makes this a memorable and significant part of the extract is when he describes what sees when he enters the room, he

A Global Language: English Language Essay

English is an international language spoken all over the world that was originally borrowed from the world. If English is used as a global language, there might be some advantages related to communication and business. However, there are also several disadvantages in terms of losing mother tongue and taking time and money. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages, so English should be made the global language. The first essential affirmative point is communication. There are more than 200 countries in the world. If everyone could speak English, they may have the ability to communicate with others whenever they are in strange countries. Furthermore, using English, people can have more friends, widen peer relationships with foreigners and can not get lost. Overall, English becomes a global language; people may have more chances in communication.Another crucial advantage is improving business. If English was spoken widespread and everyone could use it, they would likely have more opportunities in business. Foreign investments from rich countries might be supported to the poorer countries. For instance, a company and its proponents would be able to discuss, understand each other and develop the projects together. The first disadvantage of issue is losing mother language. If English used as a global language, people may use it both at work and daily life. Children and teenagers might prefer to watch English cartoons or movies. Gradually, they make mistake when they use their mother languages. It can not be imagine if English is only one language in the world. Another serious negative point is taking much time and money. Old generation might need to study English to communicate with the youth ages. In addition, educational curriculum system could be changed to be suitable for the reform. These processes need quite long time and a large amount of money. In conclusion, using English as a global language has both advantages and disadvantages. It is useful for communicating and business while could lead to be lost mother tongue and take much time and money.

Effect of Globalization on Media Essay

The globalization since it took over the whole world in its vintage has given new dimensions and shape to varying aspects of Media in its whole vicissitude. As transnational in character, media has crossed all the cultural and political boundaries to reach the world audience with depth in dimensions in the shape, style and pattern of various programs. These intercontinental and transnational media outlets have posed challenges to the boundaries, questioned the territorial integrity and given shape to the media spaces. When many of the media markets all over the world got saturated, the media companies began to look at the global market place to earn revenues for their own firms and industries and global audiences are kept in mind while generating media content. As the accounting and regulatory structures differ in different countries and there is no reliable global financial data, it presented challenge before the media economic researchers. The companies are competing in the global as well as in the domestic market to gain a maximum share of audience and advertisers revenue. The whole gamut of programs seems to be seen as the representation of commercial interests of the bureaucratic elite and rich at the expense of public opinion and democracy. Views and opinions of the people to create their influence on the masses diminish when large media players do not hold themselves accountable to the state regulations. In other words, globalization has become an issue of privatization. Big market players are using the media to gain their commercial endeavors in the form of advertisements. In his Preface to â€Å"The Codes of Advertising† Sut Jhally said, â€Å"The symbolic dimensions of needing and culture and the economic dynamic of capital accumulation are symbiotically intertwined in the new communication age of advanced capitalism. † (1990) Here the advertisements act as the modern mediators between the end consumers and big conglomerates. Shoemaker and Mayfield (1987), for instance, underlined the view that â€Å"Sources of finance like advertisers are generally strongly influential on all aspects of News production and that a funder’s ideology is likely to have an ultimate effect on editorial’s decisions relevant to this ideology. †(McQual 1992: 113) Most of the media content also depends on the advertisers will, their commercial propositions and their market position. The advertisers offer the contents, which are friendly to the audiences and cater to their taste and liking. For e. g. Television soap operas function as advertisements aiming at attracting audiences to stay in tune. The scriptwriters in soaps use the strategies in their writing to keep the viewers on hold. An advertising industry has come under heavy criticism among groups such as Adbursters who accused industry of becoming a powered engine of most complex economic production system. Suggestions are being forwarded by many public interest groups to tax advertisers for their continuous intrusion in the mental space of audiences. The advertisers too are indirectly dependent on the changes in the demographical set up and society in its various shape and magnitude creating tremendous impact on the way media industries capture the moods of the their audiences. â€Å"They have an insatiable appetite for media related content and services and as people live longer and obtain more discretionary income, spending on media will likely rise. These shifts in audience composition and makeup will present new pressures on media firms to develop content that will appeal to these unique and differing audiences. † (Downing, McQuail, Wartella & Schlesinger 2004: 299) Graham Murdock treats advertising more as a cultural and social phenomenon rather than economical. (Jhally, 1990: 3). But the social influence is only a smaller stroke in a big game of Media players. For the New York Times and other companies associated with Media, as said by Naom Chowsky, the products are audiences, and customers as corporate advertisers. The product of New York Times is the paper itself audiences buy and it becomes an information for advertisers and therefore for them, the audiences that buy the products themselves become products for advertisers and it is the advertisers that bring in revenue for the companies. (Shah 2008: online). It would be most appropriate to mention that advertising is a â€Å"Superstructural facade† (Jenks 2004: 299) as they just not only are the expressions of capitalism but also produces and reproduces it. Advertising has reduced the concept of public opinion to cherish the desire of acquiring capital rather than fulfillment of personal desire. In the words of Marx, â€Å"In bourgeois society the commodity-form of the product of labor – or the value-form of the commodity – is the economic cell-form. † (Jenks 2004: 299) Audiences too reciprocate the same way. A certain kind of close relationship is developed between audiences and advertisers. Advertisers have created an image a global way making social relation, as a form of commodity yet creating an incredible influence on the ideological perception of individualism and consumerism. And in this atmosphere, political economy too is opening only a new door on the old platform- a typical characteristic of capitalistic society, whereas the content of media is being modified to keep to the capitalist standard. There is a whole new concept of audience ratings, used by the media companies to make the plans of their programs schedule and for studying the success rate of programs and media products. Government agencies, Government authorities and public service media organizations act as basis for making adequate economic decisions, endorsing regulations, and controlling the mass communications. Audience ratings are merged with research and also used by advertisers as tools to identify their target audience and prepare media plan accordingly. But these rating systems are being criticized on the ground as said by Liina Puustinen in her working paper on â€Å"The Age of Consumer audience† that â€Å"they do not give an adequate image of the consumers and audiences, and they objectify people into numbers and faceless masses†. (Puustinen 2006: Online edition). Number of theories, like audience receptive theories have been propounded to reflect the attitude and perceiving nature of mass audiences, which are contradictory to the rating systems. The rating system only give information of how many people have watched any particular program or advertisement but not how they perceived the program and what value they give to it, therefore the theories rightly said that the rating systems do not accurately represent audience satisfaction. Hypodermic Needle Model states that the media players make the contents of any program, idea or information enter into the consciousness of the people. In other words, audiences are manipulated to the ideologies and thinking of the creator of media product. Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser developed the Reception theory by studying the people’s attitude and their receptive tendencies toward programs. The theory delves on the way people adapt to various programs and play their role in actual analyzing of the text. Another theory Culmination theory too deepens down the audience approach on the sensitivity of the programs. If they watch too much of the violence, they would in the years to come make you less sensitive towards violence in the same way if violence towards women are watched on year to year basis then it would make you ultimately less insensitive towards the issue. The audience receptive theory deepens down to the study of the psychological patterns of the audiences and how they reciprocate and adopt the programs and how the media players mould the sensitivity of the audiences to receive what they show. Some critics state that these theories are only based on their preconceived notions and assumptions. For example in 1930’s one of the advertising executive said about radio audiences: â€Å"The typical listening audience for a radio program is a tired, bored, middle-aged man and woman whose lives are empty and who have exhausted their sources of outside amusement when they have taken a quick look at an evening paper†¦. Radio provides a vast source of delight and entertainment for the barren lives of the millions. † (Media studies: Online) It is not just about radio audiences, but we can hear about it for several soap operas or quiz shows. Every human being has his tastes, liking and his own way of perceiving the things. Some may be critical and some may be appreciative. In this scenario, it is the way media players reach their target audience becomes the whole crux of their strategies and plans of their programs. To hit the right audience at the right time, right moment and right situation is the motive of media players around which the whole of media content depends. And it is the only way advertisers are attracted to use the media content for their valuable business propositions for these right audiences. Number of programs like â€Å"Pop Idol† created by impressionist music maestro Simon Fuller became the most popular format for the first show on the European TV and also reached the other continents as well. The craze of the Pop idol carried Americans, Canadians and Australians as American Idol, Canadian Idol and Australian Idol followed by Spanish bonanza â€Å"Operacion Triunfo†, making the Latin and South Americans also to come under their sway. Ipod, a melodious device of new generation and a complete new innovation being carried by the young and old alike in Shanghai as well as Innsbruck rapidly transferred to the new generations across the borders. It is quite true that if digital home cinema has gained so popularity in Japan then why it shouldn’t reach the other continents? Well, it has reached the homes of other continents. (Reding 2005: Online Edition) More than the spread of news, the world of music has imbibed in itself international facets in its thematic expression and lyrical notes. Music has reached new dimensions in the technological advancement. According to Steiner, â€Å"The totally new fact is that today any music can be heard at any time and as domestic background music. †(Nesbitt 2006: 103). The other programs are now more of sensational, individualist and reductionist in nature as these programs touches the heart of audiences. Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet studied how the voters made the decision during 1940 presidential election campaign and got their results published in paper The People’s Choice. They found out that information did not directly reach the consciousness of the audiences rather modified and passed down by the opinion leaders, which was again passed over to lesser active associates. In 2002, Anthony Giddens, a sociologist in the radio national broadcast made the people feel the essence of Globalization. He said, â€Å"Globalization is like a code-word standing for the reconstruction of our social institutions, going all the way through from the family, gender, sexuality (because after all the changing position of women is surely a global phenomenon as much as any other one) through the economy, the restructuring of business organizations, a restructuring of the nation and government, through the restructuring of international organizations†. (O’Regan 2002: Online edition) The politics since last 2300 years have been influencing the communication processes in the state. But since last few centuries, the relationship between politics and media is being seen in much controversial light than it was seen in the past and it is due to the political influence and control over the content of media and thereby their indirectly control over the public opinion. The political control over media reciprocates the views of Marx who said that media is a product of ruling elite wherein there is no scope of any alternative ideas. In Marx’s own words, â€Å"The class, which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production, so that thereby, generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental production are subject to it†. (Chandler 2000: Online) Marx further stated that mass media brings to the people’s consciousness false notions and ideas making media as a product of expressions of the ruling class. Graham Murdock too emphasized that economic factors play a determining role in the domination of ruling elite over media messages. The political economists look at ideological messages as superior to the economic criteria. (Chandler 2000: Online). In the 1966 article, Stein Rokkan brought into focus the two ways of decision making in the media circle: corporate system and numerical. In 1996, the whole of media was under the control of one or the other political party. But in the last two to three decades, we have seen number of changes in the way politics is being related to Media. Globalization has touched every sphere of human commodity from increasing a sense of risk to creating uncertainty. Interconnectedness in the global sphere increased the value of the humanity as a whole and an awareness of deep understanding and tensions between Global Diaspora, national and local perception of shared identities. (Gillespie, 1995: 3). It is no doubt a global village and we are all now a part of this global village where not only individual’s perception is taken into account but the perceptions of the whole in all its shades and dimensions is considered as the most virtuous and commercial proposition. REFERENCES LIST Chandler, D. 2000.Media as means of production in Marxist Media Theory. [Online] Available: http://www. aber. ac. uk/media/Documents/marxism/marxism03. html [13 May 2008] Chandler, D. 2000. Media as amplifiers in Marxist Media Theory. [Online] Available: http://www. aber. ac. uk/media/Documents/marxism/marxism05. html [13 May 2008] Downing, J. , McQuail, D. , Wartella, E. & Schlesinger P. 2004. The SAGE Handbook of Media Studies. California, London & New Delhi: SAGE Gillespie, Marie. 1995. Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change. Routledge. Hjarvard, S. 2003. News Media and the Globalization of the Public Sphere. [Online] Available: http://www. kommunikationsforum. dk/default. asp? articleid=10761 [13 May 2008] Jhally Sut, P. 1990. The Codes of Advertising. Routledge. Jenks Chris, P. 2004. Urban Culture. Routledge. Johnson, P. 2004. Are the media playing politics? USATODAY. com. [Online] Available: http://www. usatoday. com/life/columnist/mediamix/2004-10-10-media-mix_x. htm Media Studies. Audience (Adapted from Steve Baker’s Media Studies website) [Online] Available: http://www. northallertoncoll. org. uk/media/audience. htm McQuail, D. 1992. Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. California, London & New Delhi: SAGE Nesbitt, T. 2006. Global Media and cultural change. China Media Research, Chang, et, al, Intercultural Symposium on Cultural Globalization, 2(3): 103. O’ Regan, Mick. 2002. Media and globalisation. The Media Report. [Online] Available: http://www. abc. net. au/rn/talks/8. 30/mediarpt/stories/s678261. htm [13 May 2008] Puustinen L. 2006. The Age of Consumer-Audience. [Online] Available: http://209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cache:FsxLpxbPeeQJ:www. valt. helsinki. fi/comm/fi/english/WP5. pdf+The+audience+reception+theories+on+ratings+system&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=5&gl=in&ie=UTF-8 [16 May 2008] Rantanen T. 2005. The Media and Globalization. 1st Edition. California, London & New Delhi: SAGE Reding, V. 2005. The Media and Globalisation. European Forum Alpbach [Online] Available: http://europa. eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do? reference=SPEECH/05/469&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en

The Effects Of Day Care Paper

Day care clearly has a significant impact on the health of young children. How many hours children spend in day care before they go to kindergarten plays a major role in how they develop later. According to thoughtful social scientists, â€Å"in teachers' reports of kindergà ¤rtners social behavior, the effect of hours spent in day care is greater than the effect of the quality of parenting, and comparable to the impact of poverty' (Jennet Jacob Erickson ). From personal observation, the negative effect of too much time spent away from the mothers is regrettably apparent, and even obvious.Unfortunately, oftentimes the mothers themselves do not recognize the negative effects of separation between mother and child. A low level of maternal sensitivity, paired with more time spent in day care, and/or a lower quality of day care, will cause undesirable results. Children will tend to feel more insecure and less attached to their mothers. Children need a significant amount of one-on- one time with their mothers in order to create a stable foundation for growth. If little children are deprived of that essential time, it is sure to show later in some way.Throughout the US and around the world, more and more mothers are starting careers. Therefore, more children are going to day care. In 201 0, one in four children with a working mother went to day care. These rates are increasing. Even though most people in the modern world would agree that it is admirable that so many women are becoming independent, it is unavoidable that there are consequences for the family. For children, more time in day care during early childhood results in a lowered social ability to be competent and cooperative with others, more problem behaviors, negative ND even depressed moods, as well as aggression and conflict.It is troubling to think that many young children are suffering unnecessarily. Regrettably, the role of stay-at-home-mom is becoming less and less desired as the world takes on a mo re prominent feminist view. Although it is understandable that some mothers are working to put food on the table, there are plenty who are simply trying to climb the corporate ladder. The neglected children Of these mothers are unfortunately often left wondering if they are as important to the mothers as the job. Mothers need to exhibit sensitivity throughout childhood.Many can agree it is the best way to ensure a healthy social-emotional development. It is proven that â€Å"children whose mothers exhibit low levels of sensitivity and who are in child care more than ten hours a week or in lower quality childcare are more likely to experience attachment insecurity' (Jennet Jacob Erickson). Attachment insecurity can lead to negative behavior outcomes. It is likely that neglect from mothers can even slow development. Research shows that â€Å"children who experienced more hours of child care had significantly fewer social skills ND poorer work habits in the third grade† Genet J acob Erickson).Preteens with extensive child care backgrounds continued to show similar results. What many mothers fail to realize is that the stability and quality of the where they are sending their children does not make up for the lost positive mother- child interactions. Whether an individual chooses motherhood or not, she must understand the importance of adapting to the role. To take on the responsibility of becoming a mother, she must understand that this is not a role that can be done carelessly in any way.The absence of quality mother- child time can result in bad behavior later, particularly in adolescent-teenage years. Children tend to have better social-emotional development when they have a healthy attachment to their mothers. It is proven that â€Å"at age 15, children who had experienced more non-relative (non-family) child care reported more risk-taking behaviors and impulsively, including using alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs; behaving in ways that threatened saf ety; and not being able to control impulses appropriately' (Jennet Jacob Erickson).Clearly, children who do not have enough sufficient one-on-one time with their mothers are the ones who grow up to be â€Å"misguided teens. † Of course, this is not the only factor and not the only answer to every situation. But, statistics imply that many cases could be cured simply with some tender love and care. With an answer as straightforward as this, it is discouraging that many insensitive and uninvolved mothers are still left wondering later why their child has developed behavioral issues. Many could argue the fact that the ever-growing day care business across the country is a growing issue.

International Financial Policies Essay

International Financial Policies determine how firms in international market work because if respective governments of the countries put restrictions on doing trade, it may be relatively difficult to trade. One of the most important advantages of international financial policies is the fact that such policies often get the backing of the government therefore international firms find it relatively easy to have access to different resources besides availing different types of concessions in duties and taxes. On the other side, due to such international financial policies, international firms may have to work with relatively inefficient organizations due to contractual requirements. Most of the countries often attempt to bring in public owned entities to work with international firms therefore given the traditional bureaucratic inefficiencies of such public institutions, resources may not be efficiently utilized and firms may not be achieving their strategic objectives in real term. Trade Agreements The trade agreements are formed based on the assumptions that the countries attempt to take advantage of their relative comparative advantage. Trade Agreements are often formed between two or more countries to agree together to offer certain trade concessions to each other. Trade agreements are often formed at the government level and countries to the agreement often offer tax concessions, duty rebates, removal of trade quotas etc so that trade integration can take place and countries can actually benefit from the comparative advantages of each other. Trade Agreements have greater influence on the financial management policies because if favorable, trade agreements can relatively save lot of costs i. e. duty and tax concessions, lower interest rates etc. for the firms therefore they really have to devise policies which can allow them to manage their financial resources in most efficient manner.

Romeo and Juliet – Juliet, Film-Play Comparison

Explore the ways in which Romeo and Juliet are presented in this scene and elsewhere in Shakespeare’s play, and the performed versions. Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is set in Verona. The feud between the Montague family and the Capulet family reaches a climax when Juliet’s cousin Tybalt, a Capulet, is killed by Romeo, a Montague. Romeo and Juliet are first seen as very different characters, but later in the play, we realise that these two characters are not as different as we thought. In Act 3 scene 5 of Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ the scene first starts with Romeo and Juliet in Juliet’s bed.They have just spent their first, and last night together. Romeo wakes and realises that he must leave, as he has been banished for killing Juliet’s cousin Tybalt. At the beginning of Shakespeare’s play, Juliet is presented as being intelligent, calm and obedient. â€Å"But no more deep will I endart mi ne eye- than you gives strength to make it fly† This shows that Juliet is obedient and that she is saying that she will not do anything without her mothers or fathers consent. This also shows that Juliet is very intelligent and also that she is an intelligent girl.Juliet, later on in the play shows her true self and becomes more exposed so that we can see her true personality. We see that she is very sharp and witty. She can take a joke from Romeo and return with a witty reply. This shows Juliet is more, relaxed and less timid and shy than the reader originally thought. Luhrmann’s version of the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is set in the 1990s, as a modern day version and instead of using swords, which they probably would have used in Shakespeare’s play, they used guns. Luhrmann’s version of the play is set in L.A and so he uses places such as Verona Beach in L. A to show the resemblance between Shakespeare’s play and his own version of the play. Act 1 scene 5 in Luhrmann’s film opens with Romeo and Juliet lying together in Juliet’s bed. In Luhrmann’s version of the play, Juliet, who was once portrayed as young, foolish child, is now seen as a mature, sensible young woman. Although this could be portrayed in correctly, because in Luhrmann’s version of the play in the background of Juliet’s room, are a shelf of dolls and toys.This shows, although Juliet has matured because she is with Romeo she is still a young child of a tender age of 13. The scene is a very intense scene which shows the love and passion that Romeo and Juliet have for each other. By using the sheets of Juliet’s bed they throw over the top of them, this creates the effect of the couple being in a fantasy world all of their own, unfazed by the fact that Romeo must leave. Everything bad seems to be forgotten. It is just Romeo and Juliet making the most of their time together. Reality finally hits them both, when t he nurse knocks on Juliet’s door.Juliet’s mother is on her way to Juliet’s room and at this point, Juliet begins to dress Romeo herself, she dresses him in a brightly coloured shirt and some dark trousers, and dresses herself in a plain white night dress, nearly reaching the floor. Juliet kisses Romeo good bye and sighs but knows that if her mother found out she has just spent the night with him she would surely kill them both. Romeo climbs down her balcony, and Juliet’s distraught, but she must let him go, she knows that if he does not leave the consequences would be worse, than banishment.Lady Capulet comes bursting in just as Romeo leaves. Juliet’s mother then tells her that she will marry Paris and she cannot believe what she is hearing. She is dedicated to Romeo and Refuses to marry Paris. Her mother gives her no choice and tells Juliet that she will disown her and she will be a disgrace to her and her family. Lady Capulet will not stand for i t, and tells Juliet that if she does not want to marry Paris she must discuss with her father. Lord Capulet enters the room, and Juliet tells him that she cannot marry Paris.Her father loses his temper and threatens Juliet. Zeffirelli’s version of the play Romeo and Juliet is very similar to Luhrmann’s but is filmed and set at an earlier time to when Luhrmann’s was set. This version of Romeo and Juliet is much older and sticks more what Shakespeare wrote instead of being a bit more adventurous like Luhrmann. In Zeffirelli’s version Juliet seems to be a little more immature than in Luhrmann’s play. She seems younger and not as sensible, but also seems just as obedient as she is in Luhrmann’s version.In this scene, it begins with Juliet persuading and convincing Romeo that it is not yet time for him to leave. ‘It was the nightingale and not the lark’ Juliet persuades Romeo that it is not yet morning by telling him that what he hea rd was the nightingale, which does not sing in the morning. Romeo insists that he it was the lark, and that he must leave. Juliet shows a passion and love for Romeo in this scene, showing that she doesn’t want him to leave. Juliet wanders how she will live without Romeo. She mourns over him once he is gone. She acts as though she cannot live without him.