Western Movies Since 1960 Essay -- essays research papers fc

A NOT-SO-ACCURATE prophet once wrote, "As recently as 1972, thither were a tremendous number of quality westerns being made . . . and since there tickms to be a ten-year cycle in occidental movie making, Id say well see more in about 1982." 1 In 1982 only two westerlys were released, and neither was exactly a major success. Barbarosa, starring Willie Nelson, drew some healthy reviewsand some very damaging onesbut nobody went to see the film. The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez appe atomic number 18d first on PBS television, then later went into general release. Today the Western seems to be deader than the California Med-fly. Critics and aficionados of the form can only hear, as with Arnolds sea of faith, its long receding roar. Everything except fluoride in the water has been blamed for the death of the Western. charge critics themselves have come under attack of late. Stephen Tatum, writing in 1983, called critics such as Brian Garfield and Don Graham "shootists," indicting them for a variety of sins. They are said to ca-ca a "fundamentalist," transcendent conception of the Western. They are "redeemer" critics who wish to stop the clock, deny history, and halt the inevitable evolution of genres. Not only that, Garfield and Graham are moreover accused of being "authoritarian" and suspiciously close to the "moral majority" position. It seems quite possible, however, that the roots of the Westerns decline lie deeper than in the likes and animadversions of benighted critics. The Western has lost its audience. An total generation of moviegoers has seen one big-screen Western in their lives, and that, sadly, is Blazing Saddles (1974). For this generation, who as children were glutted with television Westerns, such a legacy makes the Western an unthinkable form. Blazing Saddles is the final debunking of a long tradition and exposes the Westerns moral preachiness, its presumed insensitivity to blacks, reds, women, a nd other minorities, its good-guy-bad-guy schematic oppositions. Blazing Saddles took the Western into the terrain of the scatological, and from that defamation, nothing could be regained for an entire generation. By the early 1980s, the Western seemed hopelessly irrelevant to the largest share of the moviegoing audiencethe teen market. How could it ever compete with the simpleminded eighth-grade prurient v... ...k Rawson Associates, 1982. Highly opinionated and vigorously written. especially valuable for its insistence upon the importance of the writer in the creation of good Westerns. Graham, Don. Cowboys and Cadillacs How Hollywood Looks at Texas. Austin Texas Monthly Press, 1983. Focuses on changes in the Western as reflected in its preoccupation with Texas and its various myths. Hardy, Phil. The Western. New York William Morrow, 1983. A large, handsome book containing lively annotations of Westerns through 1983. Invaluable for anybody wanting either quick reference or the big picture. Hyams, Jay. The Life and Times of the Western Movie. New York Gallery Books, 1983. Useful if unexciting survey of the Western from its beginnings to 1983. Lenihan, John H. Showdown Confronting Modern America in the Western Film. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1980. Definitive study of how the postWorld War II Western reflects such contemporary issues as civil rights, the Cold War, and Viet Nam. Pilkington, William T., and Don Graham, eds. Western Movies. Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press, 1979. Contains explications of several major films released during the 1960s and 70s.

Learning Disability Resourses for College Students :: Disabilities Education School Essays

Learning Disability Resourses for College Students Trying to decide which college or university best suits them is challenging enough for the average student when applying to colleges. It is even more(prenominal) difficult for students with learning disabilities such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) due to their specialized concerns. Students with learning disabilities have to search for a school that has the accustomed opportunities and amenities that fit their personality while also providing the serve required by their learning disability and style. The student also needs to find a school where the people providing these services will be dedicated to helping them and fighting for the students rights under the American Disabilities Act. Departments such as the Disabilities safety Center (DRC) at Northeastern University are set up to abide these types of services to the schools student population with disabilities. The DRC provides services to students with ph ysical disabilities equivalent hearing and sight impairment as well as neurological learning disabilities. The DRC is a cooperative entity that helps both the students and their professors in ensuring that the student receives the accommodations they require. It takes dedicated professionals to provide these services. One of the close to dedicated staffers of the DRC is Dean Ruth Bork, the director of the DRC.I have been working with disabled students since 1974. Since much of my time is involved in resolution challenges that are difficult and plentiful, I usually dont have much time to think about the satisfaction and rewards of the job, said Dean Bork.As a Northeastern student with a documented case of ADHD who had not worked closely with the DRC, which has been providing services since 1978, I was interested in investigating what services the center provided and how they worked while also taking a look at some of the services provided by our cross-town rivals Boston University for students with learning disabilities such as mine. The American heritage Dictionary defines Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as, an attention deficit disorder in which hyperactivity is present. Attention Deficit Disorder is defined as, A syndrome, usually diagnosed in childhood, characterized by a persistent pattern of impulsiveness, a short attention span, and often hyperactivity, and interfering especially with academic, occupational, and social performance. ADHD is most often diagnosed during childhood and was formerly believed to have lessened and ended as the child matured but recent studies have found that between 35 and 50 % of all cases persist into adulthood.

The Respect Kid :: essays research papers

The author of this clean is Margarat Atwood. She was born in Ottawa, Canada in 1939. She attended the University of Toronto, Radcliffe College, and Harvard University. This book is round a future dystopia. It shows a future in which the United States no hourlong exists. A k newfound society, known as Gilead, is created. Wo manpower ar stripped of their rights. This new shows what whitethorn lie ahead for women, if they do not begin to stand up for themselves. In this novel fertile women are scarce. These fertile women are called Handmaids. Sexual occupation is regulated and monitored in order to control the population. Two of the main characters in this novel are the Commander and Offred. The Commander is the head of the household were Offred is stationed as a Handmaid. Offred is the narrator of this story. She belongs to the class of women know as Handmaids. Since the opportunity for men to submit pleasure is controlled, men do not rebel against society. Promotion and wives are promised for whatever man who is loyal. Harsh penalties for irregular satisfaction of sexual desire including homosexuality and masturbation have been created. Marriage is completely arranged. The Handmaids are told that their old society was shaky and immoral. Women suffered a lot. The women in Gilead are told that those problems have been solved. Offred looses her identity in this new society. Before the new religious group of Gilead took over the world she was a real normal every day charwoman. She did what was expected of her time and continued to do so later the take over. She had a husband and a daughter who she love very much. But in the new society, love is not permitted. Before the takeover genial class was not a problem and each various(prenominal) was treated equally. But slowly people of high social groups became much more powerful. They were chosen as Commanders and the poorer individuals went to Colonies. Young woman were screened, and the ones who passed w ere utilise as Handmaids. These Handmaids had children for the infertile Commanders wives. They would be sent international to special schools where they were taught how to give birth and to obey their masters without question. The womans lives were controlled by this society and were taught to forget the society which they once lived. Things that once were, no longer existed.The Respect Kid essays research papers The author of this novel is Margarat Atwood. She was born in Ottawa, Canada in 1939. She attended the University of Toronto, Radcliffe College, and Harvard University. This book is about a future dystopia. It shows a future in which the United States no longer exists. A knew society, known as Gilead, is created. Women are stripped of their rights. This novel shows what may lie ahead for women, if they do not begin to stand up for themselves. In this novel fertile women are scarce. These fertile women are called Handmaids. Sexual activity is regulated and monitored in order to control the population. Two of the main characters in this novel are the Commander and Offred. The Commander is the head of the household were Offred is stationed as a Handmaid. Offred is the narrator of this story. She belongs to the class of women know as Handmaids. Since the opportunity for men to have pleasure is controlled, men do not rebel against society. Promotion and wives are promised for any man who is loyal. Harsh penalties for irregular satisfaction of sexual desire including homosexuality and masturbation have been created. Marriage is completely arranged. The Handmaids are told that their old society was unstable and immoral. Women suffered a lot. The women in Gilead are told that those problems have been solved. Offred looses her identity in this new society. Before the new religious group of Gilead took over the world she was a very normal every day woman. She did what was expected of her time and continued to do so after the take over. She had a husband an d a daughter who she loved very much. But in the new society, love is not permitted. Before the takeover social class was not a problem and each individual was treated equally. But slowly people of high social groups became much more powerful. They were chosen as Commanders and the poorer individuals went to Colonies. Young woman were screened, and the ones who passed were used as Handmaids. These Handmaids had children for the infertile Commanders wives. They would be sent away to special schools where they were taught how to give birth and to obey their masters without question. The womans lives were controlled by this society and were taught to forget the society which they once lived. Things that once were, no longer existed.

Metaphilosophical Pluralism and Paraconsistency: From Orientative To Mu

Philosophical MethodologyMetaphilosophical Pluralism and Paraconsistency From Orientative To Multi-level PluralismM.E. Orellana Benado, Andrs Bobenrieth, Carlos VerdugoUniversidad de ValparasoABSTRACT In a famous passage, Kant claimed that controversy and the lack of covenant in metaphysics here understood as philosophical system as a whole was a scandal. Attempting to motivate his critique of pure reason, a project aimed at both ending the scandal and setting philosophy on the secure path of science, Kant endorsed the view that for as long as disagreement reigned sovereign in philosophy, there would be little to be learned from it as a science. The success of philosophy begins when controversy ends and culminates when the discipline itself as it has been known disappears. On the other(a) hand, particularly in the second half of the twentieth century, many have despaired of the very possibility of philosophy constituting the search for truth, that is to say, a cognitive mercifu l activity, and constituting and then a source of knowledge. This paper seeks to sketch a research program that is motivated by an intuition that opposes both of these views. Section 0.0 IntroductionIn the West, human beings have been doing philosophy for roughly 2,500 years. Eastern traditions are, perhaps, even older. What can we learn about philosophy itself through this experience and rehearse? This is the initial question of metaphilosophy, the tree trunk of discourse that collects and articulates our observations and reflections about philosophy as a human activity. Answers to it are essential in order to address the further issue of what contribution, if any, philosophy has made, or can be hoped to make, toward the education of humanity. For, to be sure... ...its set of well-formed formulas.(15) Wang, Hao Beyond Analytic Philosophy (Cambridge M.A., London MIT Press, 1988) p. 10.(16) For another view that, together with those of Rescher and Wang, restricts the scope of met aphilosophy to philosophy see Double, Richard Metaphilosophy and Free Will (Oxford Oxford University Press 1995). For an example of a discussion that falls within the institutions of philosophy component see Mandt, A.J. The inevitability of pluralism philosophical practice and philosophical excellence in Cohen, A./ Dascal, M. (eds) The institution of philosophy (La Salle Open Court, 1991), pp 77-101.(17) The authors acknowledge with gratitude the generous support provided by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientfico y Tecnolgico (Chile) to the research project here draw as well as the confidence and comments of two anonymous referees.

Who is to blame Essay -- essays research papers

Who Is To Blame?Frankenstein, one of the key texts in modern literature, was written by Mary Shelley in 1818 when she was only 21. The novel was first published anonymously, and the reference was only later revealed to be Shelley. When she republished the book in 1831, with changes to the story, Shelley had finally answered the question she had been asked several times how could such a young girl write to the highest degree such horrible things? Her answer describes her literary sources, as well as a disturbing dream that was the kernel of inspiration for the story. Frankenstein is a tale close a man named Victor Frankenstein who creates life out of raw materials. As the story unfolds, the creature comes to life and ends up, out of revenge, killing several members of Frankensteins family. Although ...

Who is to blame Essay -- essays research papers

Who Is To Blame?Frankenstein, one of the key texts in modern literature, was written by Mary Shelley in 1818 when she was only 21. The novel was first published anonymously, and the author was only later revealed to be Shelley. When she republished the book in 1831, with changes to the flooring, Shelley had finally answered the question she had been asked several(prenominal) times how could such a young girl write about such horrible things? Her answer describes her literary sources, as well as a disturbing dream that was the kernel of inspiration for the story. Frankenstein is a tale about a man named Victor Frankenstein who creates life out of raw materials. As the story unfolds, the creature comes to life and ends up, out of revenge, killing several members of Frankensteins family. Although ...

Case of Building Industry

Countries often break different models of governing assembly line organisation relations. The nature of the political arrangement in a country has particular influence over the governments relations with the business. Despite the common ground of being advanced liberal democracies, the unify States and Spain mystify markedly different models of government business relations. The aim of the essay is to comp be the government business relations in the United States and Spain with special reference to create diligence.Different Trajectories The very business culture and the governments relations with the business in Spain are markedly different from those of United States. For instance, it has been pointed out that starting up a business in Spain remains more complicated than elsewhere, procedures more cumbersome, the ill-treats more numerous, the documentation likewise. The twenty-eight weeks required to start a business in Spain contrast with the half-day required in the USA (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p.181). It is because of the prevailing nature of corruption that is resulted by the collusion between politicians and bureaucrats such obstruction of free green light exist in Spain. In the same way, closing down of a business in Spain too has been noteworthy as extremely difficult. Eastaway and San Martin are of the creed that the housing market in Spain has become highly regulated by means of public intervention with the objective of satisfying the large and growing housing unavoidably (1999, p. 699).The Spanish government has pursued a range of policies in order to mitigate the situation ranging from subsidies to market intervention. As a result, the grammatical aspect pains in Spain is distorted and less competitive. Even the successes of the United States sm every(prenominal) scale and medium size industries are attributed to governments desire to support small business owners and entrepreneurship finance, tax inducements, mentoring, trai ning, and legislation allowing limited liability for failure, all act in the interests of the entrepreneur.The entrepreneurial fabric and the social/cultural/economic framework support and progress those wishing to embark on or expand an entrepreneurial venture (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 188). The American government has been persistent in providing the necessary infrastructure and business environs over the post second world war period. Through a business friendly approach, the American government ensures that in that location are more rewards and less risks for doing business in the United States. Moreover, the USA has pine tradition of free enterprises contrary to the Spanish trajectory of protectionism.Historically speaking, the construction patience in Spain is deepened upon both the yield of domestic demand and the acquisition of foreign earnings. Francos dictatorial regime had installed a protective regime of business which perpetuated monopoly and discouraged fr ee-market competition. The oil crisis in the middle 1970s had paralyzed the industry in a grave manner. The recovery came only with the join9ng of the European Community (EC) in 1986. The internal political situation had long been detrimental to the free economic training of Spain. Ahijado et al.have argued that the aftermath of the civil war of the 1930s was international isolation and acute economic difficulties resulting from the destruction wrought during the war. Indeed, it took until 1950 for industrial production to return to its 1929 level, and the country remained over-whelmingly dependent on agriculture for employment (1993, p. 91). Then, onwards, Spanish economy took a radical turn towards accelerated economic development fuelled by tourism and the steady flow of migrant labor. Both the enhanced tourism related development and migrant labor have helped a gold rush in the construction industry.However, the technological base of Spanish industry still remains low. In the recent period, Spanish construction industry has underg wiz a melodramatic decrease in the average size of Spanish construction firms, in particular, and an increase in their use of subcontracting (Gonzalez, 1998, p. 432). It has caused a structural fragmentation of the construction industry as a whole. The changing nature of emerging construction technologies have primarily contributed to the instabilities in the construction industry all over the world.The fragmentation of the construction industry in Spain is accompanied two different features of increasing number of firms and the decreasing average size of the firms. Gonzalez has forcefully argued that the cause of observed fragmentation is changes in institutional restrictions, mainly labor and tax regulation (1998, 440). The Spanish government has a lopsided and imbalanced policy towards competition in the construction industry as it promotes small business units against big firms.As a result, to be competitive, big firms ha ve compelled to reconstitute themselves as smaller units and thereby prevent them from mobilizing great resources for the benefits of consumers. This purpose in Spain is clearly not in par with the United States government policy of promoting mergers and joint ventures by construction companies. Moreover, in Spain, there is even confused cost for creating new firms which too acts against the size of existing firms. American construction policy is mainly aimed at ensuring the security of mental synthesiss.There are large amount of regulations and standards pose out by the various regulatory bodies appointed by the state governments and the federal government. It also aims to deal with possible production of low quality construct materials. In brief, the building policy in the United States is highly bureaucratic and procedural as it attempts to save the industry from possible political corruption and the sequential violation of rules and regulations. It has been well observed t hat the politicians-businessmen nexus in Spain has caused unnatural price rises in the housing industry.The effect such a phenomenal corruption cannot be contained within the borders of Spain as it is well integrated with the European Union Economy. In the United States, the use of precast concrete system is not widespread although it has turn out to be more beneficial. Because, there is a study shortage of expert personnel that can design and manage building construction that makes use of precast concrete components. The main reason behind this general lack of expertise appears to be the deficient engineering and architecture curricula currently in effect in U. S. universities and colleges (Polat, 2008).Many researchers have well acknowledged the fact that the USA owes much of the success of its entrepreneurial activity to its economic and cultural environment, including affirmative action, employment law, tax incentives, government support, mentoring, and a can-do attitude. Life -style changes in the USA accommodate entrepreneurs (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 187). Also, Choi and Russel (2004) argued that the construction firms in the United States have focused in enhanced diversification through mergers and acquisitions and thereby strengthens the growth in the industry and the profits and confidence of stake holders.In Spain, the pattern of the developments in the construction industry is highly unbalanced and lopsided. It is well noted that growth in the late-1980s was in the relatively more prosperous Madrid and Catalonia regions, as well as in the autonomous region of Valencia, all of which benefited disproportionately from the inward investment boom. In contrast, some of the rustbelt areas in the noneth have been adversely affected by the decline of traditional industries (Ahijado et al. , 1993, p. 98). In America, ethnic deflections are noted on the matters related to construction industry.Doodrum and Dai have found out that differences exist am ong the number and frequency of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities between Hispanic and non-Hispanic construction workers, although the difference did not always disfavour Hispanics (2005, p. 1027). Whatever reasons may be, the tendency in the USA is for Hispanic workers to be employed in more hazardous areas of construction. For instance, dickens of the top five Hispanic construction occupations, construction labourer and electrician, are in the top five most hazardous construction occupations (Doodrum and Dai, 2005, p.1028). Rollin and Richardson in their a posteriori research on Spanish business culture have argued that current Spanish legislation does not favour entrepreneurs or small-business owners. Changes in EU legislation, such as the Parental Leave Directive, requiring changes in national legislation, can hit this group hard (2001, p. 185). It creates a condition that even businesspersons who otherwise would have been law-abiding step asides the paradigms o f law as there are many contradictions within the law.The multiplicity of legal frameworks in Spain by its integration with the European Union too have made a lot of confusion in the construction industry and added to the existing chaos. However, safety issues and environmental priorities that are directly linked to the construction industry have not got sufficient attention not from American or Spanish governments. In both countries, t is necessary for the construction policy to be framed on the rationale as to why certain matters are considered to be safety issues has its roots in environmental concern (Kibert, et al., 1995, p. 99). It means there needs to be a holistic to environment protection and safety management in the construction industry. The lack of labor flexibility has been a major factor in the continuance of the very sizeable black economy (economia sumergida), estimated at representing some 23% of GDP (Rigby and Lawlor, 2001, p. 169). Curiously, the black economy is the backbone of the building industry and the silent compliance of government policies establish on corruption is leading into the deteriorating the healthy environment in the construction industry.Historically, it could be seen that the rigidities established in the labour market under Franco were consonant with the broader ethos of the dictatorship which was strongly protectionist, corporatist and characterised by strong state intervention in most areas of activity (Rigby and Lawlor, 2001, p. 169). The recent Spanish government policy of artificially creating green jobs in construction industry too has failed and only contributed to the ongoing recession.In the United States, although the general rate of occupational accidents and casualties in the construction industry very low, the roadway construction has reported to be more dangerous for workers. Through their research, Kale et al have proved that construction companies that outperform their rivals adopt a hybrid mode of compe tition. In other words, successful construction companies place varying degrees of emphasis on more than one mode of competition (e. g. , cost, quality, innovation, and time) rather than focus on a single mode of competition (2002, p.246). It is apparent that Spanish construction companies have not change and the government is less encouraging to allow fierce competition in the realms of cost, quality, innovation and time. On the opposite the American government has introduced new schemes and policies for ensuring multiple competitions at the many realms of construction industry. Conclusion To conclude, it is possible to argue that the different traditions of government business relations in the United States and Spain are result of the wider historical processes.The United States as a liberal democracy has encouraged free market and competition in favor of strengthening the construction as whole based on well established norms and procedures. But, Spain, following the trajectory o f Francos dictatorial regime introduced the policy of protectionism and government interventions in the construction industry and thereby displacement it incompetent and distorted. However, governments in both the United States and the Spain have to redefine their relations to the construction industry in order to properly address the issues of safety and environmental protection in the context of increasing global risks.Being competitive in the varied aspects of industry such as quality, quantity, labor and time with the active cost increase of the government but based on fair rules and its strict implementation by an impartial administration are the strengths of American construction industry. Spain too has all the potentials to diversify its construction industry and thereby strengthen the whole economy itself. Reference Ahijado, M. et al. (1993), The Competitiveness of Spanish Industry. National Institute Economic Review, Vol. 146. pp. 90- 117. Choi, J.and Russell, J. S. (2004 ) Economic Gains just about Mergers and Acquisitions in the building Industry of the United States of America, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 513-525. Eastaway, M. P. and San Martin, I. (1999) General Trends in Financing Social Housing in Spain, Urban Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 699-714. Goodrum, P. M. and Dai, J. (2005) Differences in Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Construction Workers, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 131, No.9, pp. 1021-1028. Gonzalez, M. (1998) Regulation as a Cause of Firm Fragmentation The Case of the Spanish Construction Industry. International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 18, pp. 433450. Kale, S. et al. (2002) Competitive Positioning in United States Construction Industry, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 128, No. 3, pp. 238-247. Kibert, C. J. et al. , (1995) Integrating gum elastic and Environmental Regulation of Construction Indus try. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 121, No. 1, pp. 95-99. Polat, G.(2008) Factors Affecting the Use of Precast Concrete Systems in the United States, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 238-247. Rigby, M. and Lawlor, T. (2001). The Spanish Labour Market The Quest for Flexibility. International Journal of Iberian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 pp. 168178. Rollin, H. and Richardson, R. (2001). The Impact of the Prevailing Business finale on Entrepreneurial Activity and Small Businesses A Contrastive Study of Spain and the USA. International Journal of Iberian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 pp. 179189

Online Harassment & and Cyber Mobs Essay

Cyberbullying, we have all heard of it and most of us have even experienced it in some style or an new(prenominal). T here(predicate) is no doubt, that being deliberately chivvy in hostile manners on the Internet can have terminal consequences for the victims. And fatal consequences were exactly what the 15-year-old Amanda Todd suffered. After various sorts of cyberbullying, Amanda Todd was broken down to her cores and on October 10 2012 she committed suicide. Amanda Todd became world famous for a YouTube video, where she exposed all of the different kinds of online curse that she had been through. More or less the same thing happened to Anita Sarkeesian. Anita launched an online fundraising campaign, to create awareness of how effeminate characters are portrayed as sexual stereotypes in videogames. Unfortunately, Anita did not yet launch a campaign, but also the beginning of a time with harsh online agony against herself, from people who disagreed with her project. Anita is n ow a major voice when it comes to taenia the anguish of women on the Internet, which she proved in a speech at the TEDxWomen event in 2012.It is indisputable that Anita Sarkeesian has been through many negatively affected emotions when she was harassed on the Internet, and she is not afraid to let the audience know how it was like. She is of course using pity to awaken the audiences feelings, in order for her to pulsate them on her side. Already in the beginning of the speech, she reaches for the audiences emotionsAll of my social media were flooded with treats of rape, violence, sexual assaults, death And youll notice that these treats and comments were all specifically targeting me gender.1As the quotation shows, the words that she has chosen are very powerful. Words like rape, violence and death are all words that have an quick shock effect on the audience, which is truly in her favor. Anformer(a) way that she communicates is with the use of humor. Multiple times throughout her speech she uses humorous words and phrases, which optimizes the kindredbetween her and the receivers. In addition to the way that she engages the audience in her speech, Anita Sarkeesian also masters explicit speech techniques that help her persuade the audience. One example is a rhetorical call into questionThe idea being that if you were interested in the project, you could donate, and if you werent interested, you could choose not to donate. Its pretty straight forward, right? I lowly what could possibly go wrong? Yeah.2In other words, she is fully aware of that the audience knows that something will go wrong with the project she just asks the question in order to benefit from the audiences participation. It is small little tricks or techniques like these that help her persuade the audience. As I pointed out earlier, Anita practices cartroados in her speech. This is withal not the only form of appeal that she practices. Anita also attempts to make herself a more trustwort hy person and she does that by making herself attend as a strong character Do you wanna know what happened to my fundraiser after all that? Well first, the cyber mob failed to silence me, as is evidence of me being here today.3 So even though cyber mobs tried to silence her, she remained strong and rose above the influence. And that definitely makes her a person to believe. But how is the issue of online harassment actually looked upon?Well, in Singapore located in Asia online harassment is looked upon with the same disgust as in America. They have likewise experienced suicidal female victims, and they are therefore ready to pass new laws against harassment on the InternetVictims of harassment suffer from insufficient protection and face an unclear path when seeking recourse, especially when harassment occurs or spills over to daily life. Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Law, Mr K. Shanmugam, has indicated that new laws on harassment will be tabled next year.4Hence thi s quotation, it is safe to say that online harassment is not justsome local coincidence, but actually a global problem. differently it is no secret to anybody, that the Internet is the fastest way to spread and share ideas, so if online harassment is not yet a problem on a worldwide scale, then it is only a matter time before it is. On the other hand, there is always another side of the case, and online harassment is no exception. Just as easy as it is to receive emails with harassing matter or even Facebook messages and tweets, just as easy is it to delete it again. Some do for that curtilage, and other arguments as well, share the belief that online harassment is overrated and not an actual problem like physical bullyingCyber bullying is overrated, there, I said it. It is not a popular viewpoint to hold, but this is how I feel about cyber bullying issues () Emails can easily be filtered, forum insults can be reported and school text messages can be filtered, blocked or used to trace back to the sender. Outside of the tracing part which can be left to the parent to handle, a child can be taught how to do the rest easily.5Although the quotation from above is just from an online blogger and not another expert in this particular field, it is pipe down a suitable example of how online harassment is looked upon differently. Without saying that either stance is right or wrong, Anita Sarkeesian is a living proof of online harassment of women, which is enough reason for this topic to be discussed and perhaps dealt with.Anita Sarkeesian may be a decent speaker with good persuasive techniques, but that does not change the fact that her news report is true. Luckily, she had the courage and strength to overcome the online harassment that she was put through, but many girls like Amanda Todd dont have the same fortitude. However, it is also true that emails and other online communications systems are very easy to handle, thus it is possible with the right technical kn owhow to secure oneself from online harassment and even cyber mobs. Despite the different views on this topic, online harassment is an ongoing thing and it definitely deserves attention.

Aristotle On Plot Essay

In his Poetics, Aristotle considered spot (mythos) the most important element of dramamore important than character, for example. A plot must have, Aristotle says, a beginning, middle, and an end, and the events of the plot must causally relate to one an another(prenominal) as being either necessary or probable.CharacterA character is a person in a narrative work of artistrys (such as a novel, play, or film). Derived from the ancient Greek word, particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema, involves the illusion of being a human person. The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work Setting In works of narrative (especially fictional), the setting includes the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place, and helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story. Setting has been referred to as story world or milieu to include a stage setting (especially society) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story.Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with plot, character, theme, and style, setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction. Dialogue The conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. A dialogue occurs in most works of literature. Dialogue is a literary and theatrical form consisting of a create verbally or spoken conversational exchange between two or more (dia means through or across) people. Its chief historical origins as narrative, philosophical or didactic device are to be found in classical Greek and Indian literature, in particular in the ancient art of rhetoric.FlashbackFlashback is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point the story has reached. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the storys primary sequence of events or to fill in crucial back-story. In the opposite direction, a flas h forward (or prolepsis) reveals events that will occur in the future. The system is used to create suspense in a story, develop a character or structuring the narration. In literature, internal analepsis is a flashback to an earlier point in the narrative external analepsis is a flashback to before the narrative started. In movies and television, several camera techniques and special effects have evolved to alert the viewer that the action shown is from the last(prenominal) for example, the edges of the picture may be deliberately blurred, photography may be jarring or choppy, or unusual coloration or sepia tone, or monochrome when most of the story is in full color.

A Life Cycle Analysis Of A Dam Environmental Sciences Essay

dekameters be built for assorted intents the major map includes hydroelectric power coevals, imbibe H2O supply, irrigation, inundation control, diversion etcetera But the different incidents and surveies done by several research workers proved that these long thatchs made for these intents, besides at the same time lodge noteworthy menaces to the intent, retention and the environment by means ofout their lifecycle. The impacts may be different in different stages, viz. look, operation and decommissioning stage. There be about 845,000 decametres around the mankind ( Jacquot, 2009 ) , the cumulative impact of all told these dekameters could be tremendous. So, it is indispensable to understate the impacts due to obturate building on lives, belongings and environment. Identifying possible impacts, ciphering hazard and understating the hazard through the acceptance of assorted techniques could incite to take pop up the boilersuit impacts.Major jeopardies associated with dam ups throughout their lifecycle ( Reservoir ) Construction PhaseConstruction of big substructure manage dikes demands monolithic sum of building stuff, digging procedure and vehicles, which straight impacts on the environment and rescript. Most of the equipments and vehicle engage on much(prenominal) activities use fogy fuel as the chief beginning of energy and contri unlesse to the green house gas emanation. The estimated emanation from Glen Canyon dike during its building stage was reckon as 800,000 metric dozenss of CO2 equivalent ( Pacca, 2002 ) . The hazard of accidents due to the vehicles, building activity and digging procedure to the worker is homogeneously. The building site could be of incident involvement for near animate being or works, so this activity may take to the disappearing such plant/animal from that earth for of all time.Operation PhaseThe operation of dikes besides poses menace to the environment and masses. The menace of dekametre misadven ture during the operation stage due to assorted grounds may do immense loss of life and belongings. There is ever menace of drawing of people on the dike. The emanation during this stage from the decay of biomass in the root is obvious the emanation from the Glen Canyon dike during its operation stage was estimated to be 3,500,000 metric ton of CO2 equivalent ( Pacca, 2002 ) . The disappointment of dike is the most damaging example of the full lifecycle of dike. The inside informations on dike failure are discussed individually below.Decommissioning PhaseThis is the last phase of the life rhythm of dike, this phase pose menace of brushing the downriver countries ( colonies, substructure, etc ) and the lives. The emanation from this phase is found as vastst in equivalence with building and operation. The emanation from the decommissioning of the Glen Canyon dike was mensural as 33,000,000 metric dozenss of CO2 equivalent ( Pacca,2002 ) , which was more than nine times the em anation from the full operation stage. Though the decommissioning work is done in controlled mode, the loss of belongings would non be as the dam failure.Environmental and Social effects throughout a dike s lifeConstruction PhaseResettlement of people Construction of Dam requires immense country of region, which is frequently acquired by displacing people from that topographic point. Peoples are frequently nipd to go forth their familial consume giving them psychological emphasis and the re kettle of weight to the new location frequently alters the bing environment at that place. In China triad Gorges Dam have already displaced a million people and still another 80000 are to be moved till its concluding phase, 1200 small towns and 2 major towns have had to be abandoned and rebuilt ( McGivering, 2006 ) . archaeological sites In some types even the archeological sites besides get destroyed due to dam building. More than 100 archeological sites, some dating behind over 12000 old ages is to be submerged due to the three gorge dike ( Gleick, 2009 ) .Transportation, digging and building The motion of vehicles during the building of dike contributes to emission to some extent and every bit upset the ecology at that place. The digging and building procedure both impact the ecology locally. blood line pollution due to the dust shadower be expected.Operation PhaseSiltation Rivers carry sediment tonss, the sum vary harmonizing to the features of the catchment country and the despatch of the running H2O. The building of dike reduces the speed of the river therefore assisting deposit to settle down within the reservoir. If the deposit smallage issue due to this in river, the transpose canful be expected to evacuate deposit from its bed and Bankss in the downstream set uping the environment at that place ( Grant,2003 ) .Methane Generation Hydro power was considered to be the renewable that lay down no nursery gases. Harmonizing to Boyle, G ( 2009 ) , a study b y the universe committee on dikes ( WCD, 2000, Anon, 2001 ) , the decaying of vegetable aff assembly line in an anaerobiotic status produces methane ( CH4 ) , when the bring is flooded with hydro undertaking.Fish migration Fish are affected straight by the resister akin dike on its class. The most commonly affected species like Salmon, which needs to travel upriver for engendering, can be obstructed from their spawning topographic point. Flood of the engendering evidences within the reservoir, intentic flood and drying out of engendering land and refuge country downstream of the dike farther shackles the fish s activity. ( Harvath, and Municio,1998 ) .Birthrate of the downstream plains The downstream element of dike loose the food incorporating dirt, which used to have during implosion therapy. after the edifice of the Aswan dike, in 1960 s, the land downstream no longer receives the dirt and foods antecedently carried by the annual Nile inundation. The agricultural system h as been destroyed in the downstream and to be replaced and is replaced by irrigation and chemical fertiliser ( Boyle, 2004 ) .Local mood alteration Increased precipitation has been discovered after the building of dike, the physical procedure by which big graduated table surface vaporization triggers in the precipitation recycling in such country ( Hossain, et Al, 2009 ) . Changes in the air wet per centum, air temperature, air motion in large graduated table can be caused by large graduated table dike ( Tahmiscioglu, et Al, . ) .Impact on biodiversity In some instances edifice of dike disturb the home ground of critically endangered species excessively, the wintertime shelter of Siberien Crane and the Baiji Yangtze river mahimahi, are found to be affected by the three gorges dam ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam ) .Induced temblors big reservoirs can do seismal events as they fill, as the force per unit knowledge base on local mistakes add itions ( ICE 1981 ) . The seismal activity of magnitude 5.7 was recorded in Lake Oroville in Butte county of California in June 1982 ( Allen, 1982 ) .Agricultural/ loss of woods In many instances, the building of dike covers the productive agricultural land which used to be the agencies of forage for the local people and in many instances crystalise some portion of wood destructing natural ecosystem. About 1400 Hector of agricultural land is to be submerged because of the three gorge dike ( Gleick, 2009 ) .Spread of illness ( addition in disease carrying vectors, e.g. mosquito ) Study carried out by Yewhalaw, et Al ( 2005 ) , found that the take can move as genteelness land for vectors like mosquito, and found that the kids populating near to dikes are at greater hazard of plasmodium infection than the kids populating off.Decommissioning PhaseDecommissioning Even though, decommissioning of dikes help to theorise the reverine ecosystem to its natural status, some unawares ter m negative consequence such as sediment mobilization, contaminated stuff and menace of ace impregnation can be seen ( Bednarek, 2001 ) .Dam reverseOne of the most evidently harmful consequence of big dike is seen, when it falls. The implicit in causes may be different in each instance. whatsoever of the major causes are ( ICOLD, 1973 ) DominatingFoundation defectsShrieking and oozeConduits and valvesSeismic event harm nonstarter of dike due to internal H2O force per unit areaFailure of dike due to drawn-out period of rainfall and implosion therapyCauses of Dam Failure that occurred between 1075- 2001 ( NPDP, 2007 )( Adopted from historic records of Dam Performance, 2007 )On the footing of the above graph it can be said that, flood or dominating of the dike wall stand far in front man from other causes of dam failure. Seepage and piping is on 2nd place and remainder of all are responsible for really less figure of dam failures, this graph proves that the overtopping of dike is the major causes of dam failures.Cost of Dam Break The cost of dam interruption consists of two constituents Reconstruction cost of dike and economic loss due to devastation and flood downstream ( Kuo, et Al, 2008 ) .Cost and Benefit from Dam Dam building is an expensive work and demands immense amount of money, but it provides highly necessary things for running the society and development like energy and H2O for imbibing and irrigation intent. On the other manus it has some impacts on society and environment, some of which needs tonss of money and clip for Restoration while others are irreparable. So building of dike has its ain pros and cons.Wayss to understate the happening of dam failureDam failure is the most destructive incident in the full life rhythm of dike, which may do immense loss of life and belongings. So it is indispensable to guarantee the gumshoe of dike in order to protect the life and belongings. Some of the of import stairss indispensable for the decrease of dam failure and its impacts are as follows ( MDE, 1996 ) Rigorous statute law should be promulgated by authorities for the building of dam/ Reservoir.Everyday distortion monitoring of ooze from drains in and around larger dike is necessary and if found faulty, disciplinary step should be taken. In instance of wall break, stone grouting ( force per unit area pumping of cement slurry ) can be done to cut down the hazard of dam failure. Regular monitoring and care could assist a batch to envision dam failure.Early on warning system should be incorporated in the reservoir system to protect people and belongings downstream, in instance of dam failure.Dam building should non be allowed in the country of high seismal activity.Most of the states make safety programme for the protection of dike. In the States most of the states are responsible for the safety of dikes within their boundary and to guarantee the safety they on a regular basis follow the undermentioned performance ( Lane, 2008 ) Measure the safety of bing dike. examine programs and specification for safety and regulative programme.Carry out periodic review on building on new and bing dikes.Review and blessing of exigency action program.Some steps to cut down other impacts on and due to dikesManagement of catchment of river can assist to cut down deposit on dike, which may include plantation on the catchment country, acceptance of landside and eroding control measures for the upstream country of dike. The periodic cleansing of dikes can assist to cut down the burden of deposits within a dike and aid to repossess the capacity to its original signifier. Fish ladder can assist to reconstruct fish migration to some extent. ( beginning )The computation of likely maximal precipitation ( PMP ) and appraisal of likely maximal inundation ( PMF ) and the chance of mean return period for that river, could assist to plan the dike decently ( CSCD,1985 ) , which could forestall dike from failure.Monitoring should be carr ied out to command the genteelness of mosquitoes in dike, if found, mosquito larvae must be controlled with the canonic mosquito larvicide, so that the other aquatic being will hold minimum impacts from larvicide ( DHF,2006 ) .Rich image of Dam and associated ImpactsA Rich Picture exemplifying impacts of dike on assorted facets of environment and societyHazard of Dam Failure with agePercentage of different age groups of dike failures in Russia in comparing with the failures of universe dike.( Adopted from Management of Impounded Rivers, Wang and Melching, 2007 ) .Though age is one of the of import factor for the dam failure as the walls and other substructures erodes or weakens with age, but it is non nevertheless the factor that causes dam failure faulty constructions, utmost conditions events, sabotage, seismal activities etc besides trigger to dam failure. The above graph showed that the highest figure of dam failure was in the age group 0-10, which so bit by bit decreases as the age group increases. The faulty construction can take to dam failure even at its early age while the good constructed and good maintained dike can function over hundred old ages. On the footing of above graph it can be said that aging in non the primary factor for dam failure and proper care can lengthen the life span of dam despite of age, and does non demo clear correlativity with dam failure. One likely ground of less figure of dam failures of the aged dike could be the proper care and decommissioning before the dike failure occurs.Risk Assessment of dam failureRisk appraisal was calculated on the footing of informations from Annex-3.High badness statusEntire Occurrence= 11Average clip taken to reiterate the events for the category IA ( with more than three hundred deceases ) =11.1 twelvemonthAverage Death calculated=1111.1Risk=Frequency ( event/ unit clip ) -Magnitude ( Deaths ) =1/11.1-1111.1=0.09-1111.1=99.99Therefore, Risk=99.99 per 11.1 twelvemonthHazard computation for overall dike failureEntire happening of dike failure=46Average spread between consecutive events=0.39 twelvemonthAverage decease per event=357.91Risk= Frequency ( event/ unit clip ) -Magnitude ( Deaths )Therefore, Risk= 1/0.39-357.91=2.6-357.91=930.5 individual per 0.39 twelvemonthDecisionMentionsAllen, C, R, 1982, Reservoir Induced Earthquakes and Engineering Policy, California Geology, 35, 11Bednarek, A, T, 2001, Undamming Rivers A Review of the Ecological Impacts of Dam Removal, Environmental Management, 27,803-814.Boyle, G, 2004, Renewable Energy Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University, OxfordCSCD,1985, Safety of Dams Flood and Earthquake Criteria, National honorary society Press, Washington D.C.DHF, 2006, Guidelines for Preventing Mosquito Breeding Sites Associated with Aquaculture Development in NT, Department of Health and Families, DarwinGleick, P.H. , 2009, Three Gorges Dam Project, Yangtze River, China, Water Brief, 3, 139-150.Grant, E, G, et Al, 2003, A Geologi cal Framework For Interpreting Downstream do Of dikes On Rivers, Water Science and Application 7, 209-225Harvath, E, and Municio, M. A. T.,1998, 2nd International Symposium in Civil Engineering, BudapestHossain, F, et Al, 2009, Local Climate Change, EOS, 90,453-468hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam, assessed on 4 March, 2010.hypertext transfer protocol //www.internationalrivers.org/files/srdamsafety.pdf, assessed on 20 may, 2010hypertext transfer protocol //npdp.stanford.edu/npdphome/Historic % 20Performance % 20of % 20Dams.pdf, assessed on 20 May,2010.hypertext transfer protocol //www.damsafety.org/ , assessed on 20 March, 2010International delegacy on Large Dams ( ICOLD, 1973 ) , Lessons from Dam Incidents, Reduced Edition, ParisJacqot, J,2009, Numbers Dams From Hoover to Three Gorges to the crumbling 1s, Environmental Policy, hypertext transfer protocol //discovermagazine.com/2009/mar/08-dams-hoover-three-gorges-crumbling-ones, assessed on 17 May 2010.Kuo, J, T, et Al, 2008, Dam Over Topping Risk Assessment Considering Inspection Programme, Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess, 22, 303-313Lane, N, 2008, Aging Infracture Dam Safety, Congressional Research ServiceMcGivering, J, 2006, Three Gorges Dam s Social Impact, BBC, hypertext transfer protocol //news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/asia-pacific/5000198.stm, assessed on 3 March 2010.MDE, 1996, Maryland Dam Safety Manual, connection of State Dam Safety OfficialsPacca, S, 2007, Impacts from Decommissioning of Hydroelectric Dams A life Cycle Prospective, Climate Change, 84, 281-294Tahmiscioglu, M, S, et Al, .. Positive and Negative Impacts of Dam on the Environment, International Congress on River Basin Management, 760-769Wang, Z, Y, and Melching, S, 2007, Management of Impounded RiversYewhalaw, D, et Al, 2005, Malaria and Water Resource development The Case of Gilgel-Gibe Hydroelectric Dam in Ethopia, Malar. J, 8, 21Annex-1 ( Part-A )PLAGARISM DECLARATIONI declare that the work I am s ubjecting for appraisal contains no subdivision copied in whole or in portion from any other beginnings unless it is explicitly identified by agencies of quote Markss. I declare that I have besides acknowledged such citation by supplying elaborate mentions in an sanctioned format. I realize that either or both unidentified and unreferenced copying constitutes plagiarism, which is one of a figure of really serious offenses under the university s codification of pattern on the Use of Unfair Means.Student No- 200910979LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF A DAMCONTENTS PAGE NO.Introduction 3Major jeopardies associated with Dam 3Major environmental issues associated with dam 3-4Catastrophes ( Dam failure ) SiltationMethane coevalsFish migrationResettlement of peopleBirthrate of the downstream fieldsLocal clime alterationImpact on biodiversityInduced temblorsAgricultural/ loss of woodsSpread of diseaseArchaeological sitesDecommissioningCardinal inquiries for portion B 5 draft Plan 5Mentions 6Word Cou nt- 1076Word Limit- 1000IntroductionDams are built for assorted intents the major map includes hydroelectric power coevals, imbibing H2O supply, irrigation, inundation control, diversion etc. But the different incidents and surveies done by several research workers proved that these big dikes made for these intents, besides at the same time pose significant menaces to the life, belongings and the environment throughout their lifecycle. The impacts may be different in different stages, viz. building, operation and decommissioning stage. Yes, but what is th eproblem state of affairs or concern?Major jeopardies associated with DamDam failure one of the most evidently harmful consequence of big dike is seen, when it falls. The implicit in causes may be different in each instance. Some of the major causes areSeismic event harmFailure of dike due to internal H2O force per unit area.Failure of dike due to drawn-out period of rainfall and implosion therapy.Menace to human life due to subme rging in dike.Major environmental issues associated with dikeCatastrophes ( Dam failure ) Dam failure frequently consequences immense loss of life, belongings and environment. During twentieth century some 200 dike failures caused more than ten 1000 people outside China and in the twelvemonth 1975 merely about stern of million people were perished in the series of hydroelectric dam failure in China ( Boyle, G, 2004 ) .Siltation Rivers carry sediment tonss, the sum vary harmonizing to the features of the catchment country and the speed of the running H2O. The building of dike reduces the speed of the river therefore assisting deposit to settle down within the reservoir. If the deposit shortage issue due to this in river, the channel can be expected to evacuate deposit from its bed and Bankss in the downstream set uping the environment at that place ( Grant,2003 ) .Methane coevals Hydro power was considered to be the renewable that produce no nursery gases. Harmonizing to Boyle, G ( 2009 ) , a study by the universe committee on dikes ( WCD, 2000, Anon, 2001 ) , the decaying of vegetable affair in an anaerobiotic status produces methane ( CH4 ) , when the land is flooded with hydro undertaking.Fish migration Fish are affected straight by the obstructor like dike on its class. The most normally affected species like Salmon, which needs to travel upriver for engendering, can be obstructed from their spawning topographic point. Flood of the engendering evidences within the reservoir, periodic flood and drying out of engendering land and refuge country downstream of the dike farther shackles the fish s activity. ( Harvath, E, and Municio, M. A. T.,1998 ) .Resettlement of people Construction of Dam requires immense country of land, which is frequently acquired by displacing people from that topographic point. Peoples are frequently forced to go forth their familial land giving them psychological emphasis and the relocation to the new location frequently alters the b ing environment at that place. In China Three Gorges Dam have already displaced a million people and still another 80000 are to be moved till its concluding phase, 1200 small towns and 2 major towns have had to be abandoned and rebuilt ( McGivering, 2006 ) .Birthrate of the downstream plains The downstream portion of dike loose the food incorporating dirt, which used to have during implosion therapy. After the edifice of the Aswan dike, in 1960 s, the land downstream no longer receives the dirt and foods antecedently carried by the one-year Nile inundation. The agricultural system has been destroyed in the downstream and to be replaced and is replaced by irrigation and chemical fertiliser ( Boyle, G, 2004 ) .Local clime alteration Increased precipitation has been observed after the building of dike, the physical procedure by which big graduated table surface vaporization triggers in the precipitation recycling in such country ( Hossain, F, et Al, 2009 ) . Changes in the air wet per centum, air temperature, air motion in large graduated table can be caused by large graduated table dike ( Tahmiscioglu, M, S, et Al, . ) .Impact on biodiversity In some instances edifice of dike disturb the home ground of critically endangered species excessively, the winter shelter of Siberien Crane and the Baiji Yangtze river mahimahi, are found to be affected by the three gorges dam ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam ) .Induced temblors big reservoirs can do seismal events as they fill, as the force per unit area on local mistakes additions ( ICE 1981 ) . The seismal activity of magnitude 5.7 was recorded in Lake Oroville in Butte county of California in June 1982 ( Allen, C, R, 1982 )Agricultural/ loss of woods In many instances, the building of dike covers the productive agricultural land which used to be the agencies of nutriment for the local people and in many instances clear some portion of wood destructing natural ecosystem. About 140 0 Hector of agricultural land will be submerged because of the three gorge dike ( Gleick, P.H. , 2009 ) .Spread of disease ( addition in disease carrying vectors, e.g. mosquito ) Study carried out by Yewhalaw, D, et Al ( 2005 ) , found that the impounding can move as genteelness land for vectors like mosquito, and found that the kids populating near to dikes are at greater hazard of plasmodium infection than the kids populating off.Archaeological sites In some instances even the archeological sites besides get destroyed due to dam building. More than 100 archeological sites, some dating back over 12000 old ages will be submerged due to the three gorge dike ( Gleick, P.H. , 2009 ) .Decommissioning Even though, decommissioning of dikes help to reconstruct the reverine ecosystem to its natural status, some short term negative consequence such as sediment mobilization, contaminated stuff and menace of ace impregnation can be seen ( Bednarek, A, T, 2001 ) .Cardinal inquiries for portion BAnswer to the undermentioned inquiries will be searched in the 2nd portion of this instance surveyWhat are the major jeopardies associated with dike and how the hazard can be minimised?What are the attacks practised to understate the impact on dike on environment and homo?How the dike induced impact like deposit, obstructor on the fish migration path and addition in diseases bearer vector can be regulated?How the regulation organic structure guarantee the safety of dike?How the factors like political relations and economic system affect in the building of dike?Draft PlanIntroductionMajor jeopardies associated with Dam ( Reservoir )Causes of Dam failureThe possible impacts of such jeopardiesMeasures to understate the impactsEnvironmental Issues associated with DamImpact on agribusiness and woodImpact on fish migrationImpact on biodiversityMeasures practised to understate the impactSocio economic impact of DamAbandonment and relocation of displaced peopleDamagess to ancient heritage ( archeological construction )Wayss to understate the harm to ancient heritageCost Benefit Analysis of DamDecision

Evaluation of Self Help Group

Abstract The increased dependence of modern tillage on fossil evoke-based energy, while reducing drudgery, simultaneously increases the risk of the farmer to fluctuations in fuel prices. Labour costs have also risen sharply in recent times forcing farmers to go in for mechanization. The increased frequency of extreme die hard events identical droughts, floods, heat-waves and cold-spells being witnessed and attributed to climate change, are also causing frequent losses to farmers.Any strategy in farming, therefore, should address these key challenges of overturn degradation, weewee availability, energy requirement and labour costs. Conservation agriculture addresses all these key challenges. Zero tillage (ZT) or no-tillage one of the vital approaches of conservation agriculture is in a flash being practiced on almost 100 million ha area worldwide with the major countries being USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and Australia. However, the adoption of the technology in Asiatic cou ntries has been low.The modern concept of ZT tends to imply seeding a crop mechanically in undisturbed soil-covered plant residues. By adopting the zero-tillage system, some of the countries have reportedly got substantial benefits in terms of grain production, revenue generation and environmental protection. Less tillage of the soil reduces labour, fuel, irrigation and machinery costs. In India, efforts to adapt and promote re parentage conservation technologies have been underway for nearly a decade but it is only in the past 4 to 5 years that the technologies are finding rapid acceptance by the farmers.In India spread of technologies is taking place in the irrigated regions in the Indo-Gangetic plains where rice-wheat cropping system dominates. ZT systems have not been tried or promoted in other major agro-eco regions like rainfed semi-arid tropics, the arid regions or the mountain agro-ecosystems. As sustainable agriculture becomes more popular, monetary grants and awards are b ecoming readily available to farmers who practice conservation tillage. slightly large energy corporations which are among the greatest generators of fossil-fuel-related pollution are willing to purchase carbon credits to encourage farmers to engage in conservation tillage. The farmers land essentially becomes a carbon sink for the power generators emissions. This helps the farmer in several ways, and it helps the energy companies meet demands for reduction of pollution. Thus becoming a source of conserving energy in agriculture as it is certain that the way we approach energy, the way we produce, extract and consume it, will determine the future shape of manners on earth.There is need of policy initiatives to be adopted to felicitate adaptation to climate change in India like promotion of incentives for good agriculture practices like zero tillage, residue management, cover crops etc that promotes carbon sequestration and reduce emission of GHGs and providing subsidies for these p ractices in potential regions. Therefore, socially applicable schemes and policies on conservation agriculture is needed to promote a balanced trade-off ensuring functional resilience of the ecosystem.

The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon Chapter 2 STITCHES

CARLISLE WAS NOT THE ONLY ONE WHO STAYED calm. Centuries of experience in the emergency room were evident in his quiet, authoritative voice.Emmett, Rose, maintain Jasper off placement.Unsmiling for once, Emmett nodded. Come on, Jasper.Jasper struggled against Emmetts unbreakable grasp, twisting well-nigh, reaching toward his brother with his bared teeth, his touch unagitated past reason.Edwards guinea pig was black-and-bluer than bone as he revolve to crouch over me, taking a clearly defensive position. A low warning growl slid from between his clenched teeth. I could tell that he wasnt brea amour.Rosalie, her divine face strangely smug, stepped in front of Jasperkeeping a careful distance from his teethand helped Emmett wrestle him by the glass entry that Esme held open, one hand touch over her mouth and nose.Esmes heart-shaped face was ashamed. Im so sorry, Bella, she cried as she followed the others into the yard.Let me by, Edward, Carlisle murmured.A second passed, and thence Edward nodded slowly and relaxed his stance.Carlisle knelt beside me, leaning close to examine my artillery. I could witness the shock frozen on my face, and I tried to compose it.Here, Carlisle, Alice said, handing him a towel.He shook his dubiousness. Too a lot glass in the wound. He reached over and ripped a long, thin scrap from the bottom of the white tablec hatfulh. He twisted it most my arm above the elbow to form a tourniquet. The nip of the blood was devising me dizzy. My ears rang.Bella, Carlisle said softly. Do you want me to drive you to the hospital, or would you a equivalent me to coach care of it here?Here, please, I whispered. If he took me to the hospital, there would be no way to keep this from Charlie.Ill select your bag, Alice said.Lets take her to the kitchen table, Carlisle said to Edward.Edward lifted me effortless(prenominal)ly, while Carlisle unploughed the pressure steady on my arm.How are you doing, Bella? Carlisle asked.Im fine. My voic e was moderately steady, which pleased me.Edwards face was like stone.Alice was there. Carlisles black bag was already on the table, a small unless brilliant desk light plugged into the wall. Edward sat me gently into a chair, and Carlisle pulled up another. He went to work at once.Edward stood over me, still protective, still not brea issue.Just go, Edward, I sighed.I can handle it, he insisted. tho his jaw was rigid his eyes burned with the intensity of the thirst he fought, so much worse for him than it was for the others.You dont need to be a hero, I said. Carlisle can fix me up without your help. Get some fresh air.I winced as Carlisle did something to my arm that stung.Ill stay, he said.Why are you so masochistic? I mumbled.Carlisle decided to intercede. Edward, you may as well go find Jasper before he abridges too far. Im sure hes upset with himself, and I doubt hell listen to anyone but you right now.Yes, I eagerly agreed. Go find Jasper.You might as well do something useful, Alice added.Edwards eyes narrowed as we ganged up on him, but, finally, he nodded once and sprinted smoothly through with(predicate) the kitchens plunk for door. I was sure he hadnt taken a breath since Id sliced my finger.A numb, dead feeling was airing through my arm.Though it erased the sting, it reminded me of the gash, and I watched Carlisles face carefully to distract me from what his hands were doing. His hair gleamed gold in the bright light as he crumpled over my arm. I could feel the faint stirrings of unease in the pit of my stomach, but I was determined not to let my usual squeamishness get the best of me. There was no pain now, just a gentle tugging sensation that I tried to ignore. No reason to get sick like a baby.If she hadnt been in my line of sight, I wouldnt arrive noticed Alice give up and steal out of the room. With a tiny, apologetic smile on her lips, she disappeared through the kitchen doorway.Well, thats everyone, I sighed. I can clear a room, a t least.Its not your fault, Carlisle comforted me with a chuckle. It could happen to anyone.Could I repeated. tho it usually just happens to me.He laughed again.His relaxed calm was only more amazing set in direct contrast with everyone elses reaction. I couldnt find any trace of anxiety in his face. He worked with quick, sure movements. The only sound besides our quiet breathing was the soft plink, plink as the tiny fragments of glass dropped one by one to the table.How can you do this? I demanded. Even Alice and Esme I trailed off, shaking my head in wonder. Though the rest of them had attached up the traditional diet of vampires just as fastly as Carlisle had, he was the only one who could bear the smell of my blood without suffering from the intense temptation. Clearly, this was much more rugged than he made it put onm. eld and years of practice, he told me. I barely notice the scent anymore.Do you return it would be seriouslyer if you took a vacation from the hospital for a long time. And werent around any blood? perhaps. He shrugged his shoulders, but his hands remained steady. Ive never felt the need for an extended holiday. He flashed a brilliant smile in my direction. I enjoy my work too much.Plink, plink, plink. I was surprised at how much glass there conceivemed to be in my arm. I was tempted to glance at the exploitation pile, just to check the size, but I k refreshing that idea would not be helpful to my no-vomiting strategy.What is it that you enjoy? I wondered. It didnt make sense to methe years of struggle and abstemiousness he must vex spend to get to the point where he could endure this so easily. Besides, I valued to keep him talking the conversation kept my mind off the queasy feeling in my stomach.His shady eyes were calm and thoughtful as he answered. Hmm. What I enjoy the very most is when my enhanced abilities let me save someone who would otherwise have been lost. Its pleasant doing that, thanks to what I can do, some peoples lives are better because I exist. Even the sense of smell is a useful diagnostic tool at times. One side of his mouth pulled up in half a smile.I mulled that over while he poked around, making sure all the glass splinters were gone. then he rummaged in his bag for new tools, and I tried not to picture a needle and thread.You try very hard to make up for something that was never your fault, I suggested while a new kind of tugging started at the edges of my skin. What I mean is, its not like you asked for this. You didnt choose this kind of life, and yet you have to work so hard to be good.I dont know that Im making up for anything, he disagreed lightly. Like everything in life, I just had to decide what to do with what I was given.That makes it sound too easy.He examined my arm again. There, he said, snipping a thread. All done. He wiped an oversized Q-tip, dripping with some syrup-colored liquid, thoroughly across the operation site. The smell was strange it made my head sp in. The syrup stained my skin.In the ascendent, though, I pressed while he taped another long piece of gauze securely in place, seal off it to my skin. Why did you even think to try a different way than the obvious one?His lips turned up in a private smile. Hasnt Edward told you this narrative?Yes. scarce Im trying to understand what you were thinkingHis face was suddenly serious again, and I wondered if his thoughts had gone to the same place that mine had. Wondering what I would be thinking whenI refused to think ifit was me.You know my father was a clergyman, he mused as he cleaned the table carefully, rubbing everything down with wet gauze, and then doing it again. The smell of alcohol burned in my nose. He had a rather harsh view of the world, which I was already beginning to question before the time that I changed. Carlisle upchuck all the dirty gauze and the glass slivers into an empty crystal bowl. I didnt understand what he was doing, even when he lit the match. Then he threw it onto the alcohol-soaked fibers, and the sudden blaze made me jump.Sorry, he apologized. That ought to do it So I didnt agree with my fathers particular brand of faith. But never, in the nearly four hundred years now since I was born, have I ever seen anything to make me doubt whether God exists in some form or the other. Not even the watching in the mirror.I pretended to examine the dressing on my arm to hide my surprise at the direction our conversation had taken. Religion was the last thing I expected, all things considered. My own life was fairly devoid of belief. Charlie considered himself a Lutheran, because thats what his parents had been, but Sundays he worshipped by the river with a fishing pole in his hand. Renee tried out a church now and then, but, much like her brief affairs with tennis, pottery, yoga, and French classes, she moved on by the time I was aware of her newest fad.Im sure all this sounds a little bizarre, coming from a vampire. He grinned, knowin g how their casual use of that word never failed to shock me. But Im hoping that there is still a point to this life, even for us. Its a long shot, Ill admit, he continued in an offhand voice. By all accounts, were damned regardless. But I hope, maybe foolishly, that well get some measure of credit for trying.I dont think thats foolish, I mumbled. I couldnt imagine anyone, deity included, who wouldnt be impressed by Carlisle. Besides, the only kind of heaven I could appreciate would have to include Edward. And I dont think anyone else would, either.Actually, youre the very first one to agree with me.The rest of them dont feel the same? I asked, surprised, thinking of only one person in particular.Carlisle guessed the direction of my thoughts again. Edwards with me up to a point. God and heaven exist and so does hell. But he doesnt believe there is an aft(prenominal)life for our kind. Carlisles voice was very soft he stared out the big window over the sink, into the darkness. You se e, he thinks weve lost our intelligences.I immediately thought of Edwards words this afternoon unless you want to dieor whatever it is that we do. The lightbulb flicked on over my head.Thats the real problem, isnt it? I guessed. Thats why hes being so difficult around me.Carlisle spoke slowly. I locution at my son. His strength, his goodness, the brightness that shines out of himand it only fuels that hope, that faith, more than ever. How could there not be more for one such as Edward?I nodded in fervent agreement.But if I believed as he does He looked down at me with unfathomable eyes. If you believed as he did. Could you take away his soul?The way he phrased the question thwarted my answer.If hed asked me whether I would risk my soul for Edward, the reply would be obvious. But would I risk Edwards soul? I pursed my lips unhappily. That wasnt a fair exchange.You see the problem.I shook my head, aware of the stubborn set of my chin.Carlisle sighed.Its my choice, I insisted.Its h is, too. He held up his hand when he could see that I was about to argue. Whether he is responsible for doing that to you.Hes not the only one able to do it. I eyed Carlisle speculatively.He laughed, boldly lightening the mood. Oh, no Youre going to have to work this out with him.But then he sighed. Thats the one part I can never be sure of. I think, in most other ways, that Ive done the best I could with what I had to work with. But was it right to doom the others to this life? I cant decide.I didnt answer. I imagined what my life would be like if Carlisle had resisted the temptation to change his lonely existence and shuddered.It was Edwards mother who made up my mind. Carlisles voice was almost a whisper. He stared unseeingly out the black windows.His mother? Whenever Id asked Edward about his parents, he would merely say that they had died long ago, and his memories were vague. I agnize Carlisles memory of them, de foulness the brevity of their contact, would be perfectly cle ar.Yes. Her list was Elizabeth. Elizabeth Masen. His father, Edward Senior, never regained consciousness in the hospital. He died in the first wave of the influenza. But Elizabeth was alert until almost the very end. Edward looks a great deal like hershe had that same strange bronze shade to her hair, and her eyes were exactly the same color green.His eyes were green? I murmured, trying to picture it.Yes Carlisles ocher eyes were a hundred years away now. Elizabeth worried obsessively over her son. She hurt her own chances of survival trying to nurse him from her sickbed. I expected that he would go first, he was so much worse off than she was. When the end came for her, it was very quick. It was just after sunset, and Id arrived to relieve the doctors whod been working all day. That was a hard time to pretendthere was so much work to be done, and I had no need of rest. How I hated to go back to my house, to hide in the dark and pretend to sleep while so many were dying.I went to c heck Elizabeth and her son first. Id grown attachedalways a dangerous thing to do considering the fragile character of humans. I could see at once that shed taken a bad turn. The fever was raging out of control, and her body was too weak to fight anymore.She didnt look weak, though, when she glared up at me from her cot.Save him she commanded me in the hoarse voice that was all her throat could manage.Ill do everything in my power, I promised her, taking her hand. The fever was so high, she in all likelihood couldnt even tell how unnaturally cold mine felt. Everything felt cold to her skin.You must, she insisted, clutching at my hand with enough strength that I wondered if she wouldnt pull through the crisis after all. Her eyes were hard, like stones, like emeralds. You must do everything in your power. What others cannot do, that is what you must do for my Edward.It frightened me. She looked it me with those piercing eyes, and, for one instant, I felt certain that she knew my secr et. Then the fever overwhelmed her, and she never regained consciousness. She died within an hour of making her demand.Id spent decades considering the idea of creating a companion for myself. Just one other creature who could really know me, rather than what I pretended to be. But I could never justify it to myselfdoing what had been done to me.There Edward lay, dying. It was clear that he had only hours left. Beside him, his mother, her face somehow not yet peaceful, not even in death.Carlisle saw it all again, his memory unblurred by the intervening century. I could see it clearly, too, as he spokethe despair of the hospital, the whelm atmosphere of death. Edward burning with fever, his life slipping away with each tick of the clock I shuddered again, and forced the picture from my mind.Elizabeths words echoed in my head. How could she guess what I could do? Could anyone really want that for her son?I looked at Edward. Sick as he was, he was still beautiful. There was something pure and good about his face. The kind of face I would have wanted my son to have.After all those years of indecision, I simply acted on a whim. I wheel his mother to the morgue first, and then I came back for him. No one noticed that he was still breathing. There werent enough hands, enough eyes, to keep booster cable of half of what the patients needed. The morgue was emptyof the living, at least. I stole him out the back door, and carried him across the rooftops back to my home.I wasnt sure what had to be done. I settled for recreating the wounds Id legitimate myself, so many centuries earlier in London. I felt bad about that later. It was more awful and lingering than necessary.I wasnt sorry, though. Ive never been sorry that I saved Edward. He shook his head, coming back to the present. He smiled at me. I suppose I should take you home now.Ill do that, Edward said. He came through the shadowy dining room, walking slowly for him. His face was smooth, unreadable, but there was something wrong with his eyessomething he was trying very hard to hide. I felt a spasm of unease in my stomach.Carlisle can take me, I said. I looked down at my shirt the light blue like was soaked and patched with my blood. My right shoulder was covered in thick pink frosting.Im fine. Edwards voice was unemotional. Youll need to change anyway. Youd give Charlie a heart attack the way you look. Ill have Alice get you something. He strode out the kitchen door again.I looked at Carlisle anxiously. Hes very upset.Yes, Carlisle agreed. Tonight is exactly the kind of thing that he fears the most. You being put in danger, because of what we are.Its not his fault.Its not yours, either.I looked away from his wise, beautiful eyes. I couldnt agree with that.Carlisle offered me his hand and helped me up from the table. I followed him out into the main room. Esme had follow back she was absorb the floor where Id fallenwith straight bleach from the smell of it.Esme, let me do that. I could f eel that my face was bright red again.Im already done. She smiled up at me. How do you feel?Im fine, I assured her. Carlisle sews faster than any other doctor Ive had.They two chuckled.Alice and Edward came in the back doors. Alice hurried to my side, but Edward hung back, his face indecipherable.Cmon, Alice said. Ill get you something less macabre to wear.She found me a shirt of Esmes that was close to the same color mine had been. Charlie wouldnt notice, I was sure. The long white bandage on my arm didnt look nearly as serious when I was no longer spattered in gore. Charlie was never surprised to see me bandaged.Alice, I whispered as she headed back to the door.Yes? She kept her voice low, too, and looked at me curiously, her head cocked to the side.How bad is it? I couldnt be sure if my whispering was a wasted effort. Even though we were upstairs, with the door closed, possibly he could hear me.Her face tensed. Im not sure yet.Hows Jasper?She sighed. Hes very unhappy with himse lf. Its all so much more of challenge for him, and he hates feeling weak.Its not his fault. Youll tell him that Im not mad at him, not at all, wont you?Of course.Edward was waiting for me by the front door. As I got to the bottom of the staircase, he held it open without a word.Take your things Alice cried as I walked warily toward Edward. She scooped up the two packages, one half-opened, and my camera from under the piano, and pressed them into my good arm. You can thank me later, when youve opened them.Esme and Carlisle both said a quiet goodnight. I could see them stealing quick glances at their impassive son, much like I was.It was a relief to be outside I hurried past the lanterns and the roses, now unwelcome reminders. Edward kept pace with me silently. He opened the passenget side for me, and I climbed in withoutcomplaint.On the facia was a big red ribbon, stuck to the new stereo. I pulled it off, throwing it to the floor. As Edward slid into the other side, I kicked the rib bon under my seat.He didnt look at me or the stereo. neither of us switched it on, and the silence was somehow intensified by the sudden thunder of the engine. He drove chisel too fast down the dark, serpentine lane.The silence was making me insane.Say something, I finally begged as he turned onto the freeway.What do you want me to say? he asked in a detached voice.I cringed at his remoteness. Tell me you forgive me.That brought a flicker of life to his facea flicker of anger. Forgive you? For what?If Id been more careful, nothing would have happened.Bella, you gave yourself a paper cutthat hardly deserves the death penalty.Its still my fault.My words opened up the floodgate.Your fault? If youd cut yourself at Mike Newtons house, with Jessica there and Angela and your other normal friends, the worst that could possibly have happened would be what? Maybe they couldnt find you a bandage? If youd tripped and knocked over a pile of glass plates on your ownwithout someone throwing you i nto themeven then, whats the worst? Youd get blood on the seats when they drove you to the emergency room? Mike Newton could have held your hand while they stitched you upand he wouldnt be righting the urge to kill you the whole time he was there. Dont try to take any of this on yourself, Bella. It will only make me more disgusted with myself.How the hell did Mike Newton end up in this conversation? I demanded.Mike Newton ended up in this conversation because Mike Newton would be a hell of a lot healthier for you to be with, he growled.Id rather die than be with Mike Newton, I protested. Id rather die than be with anyone but you.Dont be melodramatic, please.Well then, dont you be ridiculous.He didnt answer. He glared through the windshield, his expression black.I racked my brain for some way to salvage the evening. When we pulled up in front of my house, I still hadnt come up with anything.He killed the engine, but his hands stayed clenched around the steering wheel.Will you stay to night? I asked.I should go home.The last thing I wanted was for him to go wallow in remorse.For my birthday, I pressed.You cant have it both wayseither you want people to ignore your birthday or you dont. One or the other.His voice was stern, but not .is serious as before. I breathed a silent sigh of relief.Okay. Ive decided that I dont want you to ignore my birthday. Ill see you upstairs.I hopped out, reaching back in for my packages. He frowned.You dont have to take those.I want them, I responded automatically, and then wondered if he was using reverse psychology.No, you dont. Carlisle and Esme spent coin on you.Ill live. I tucked the presents awkwardly under my good arm and slammed the door behind me. He was out of the truck and by my side in less than a second.Let me carry them, at least. he said as he took them away. Ill be in your room.I smiled. Thanks.Happy birthday, he sighed, and leaned down to touch his lips to mine.I reached up on my toes to make the kiss last longer whe n he pulled away. He smiled my favorite crooked smile, and then he disappeared into the darkness.The game was still on as soon as I walked through the front door I could hear the announcer rambling over the burp of the crowd.Bell? Charlie called.Hey, Dad, I said as I came around the corner. I held my arm close to my side. The slight pressure burned, and I wrinkled my nose. The anesthetic was manifestly losing its effectiveness.How was it? Charlie lounged across the sofa with his bare feet propped up on the arm. What was left of his curly brown hair was crushed flat on one side.Alice went overboard. Flowers, cake, candles, presentsthe whole bit.What did they get you?A stereo for my truck. And various unknowns.Wow.Yeah, I agreed. Well, Im calling it a night.Ill see you in the morning.I waved. See ya.What happened to your arm?I flushed and cursed silently. I tripped. Its nothing.Bella, he sighed, shaking his head.Goodnight, Dad.I hurried up to the bathroom, where I kept my pajamas fo r just such nights as these. I shrugged into the matching tank top and cotton pants that Id gotten to replace the holey sweats I used to wear to bed, wincing as the movement pulled at the stitches. I washed my face one- transfer, brushed my teeth, and then skipped to my room.He was sitting in the center of my bed, toying idly with one of the silver boxes.Hi, he said. His voice was sad. He was wallowing.I went to the bed, pushed the presents out of his hands, and climbed into his rinse.Hi. I draw close into his stone chest. Can I open my presents now?Where did the enthusiasm come from? he wondered.You made me curious.I picked up the long flat rectangle that must have been from Carlisle and Esme.Allow me, he suggested. He took the gift from my hand and tore the silver paper off with one fluid movement. He handed the rectangular white box back to me.Are you sure I can handle lifting the lid? I muttered, but he ignored me.Inside the box was a long thick piece of paper with an overwhel ming amount of fine print. It took me a minute to get the gist of the information.Were going to Jacksonville? And I was excited, in anguish of myself. It was a voucher for plane tickets, for both me and Edward.Thats the idea.I cant believe it. Renee is going to flip You dont mind, though, do you? Its sunny, youll have to stay inside all day.I think I can handle it, he said, and then frowned. If Id had any idea that you could respond to a gift this appropriately, I would have made you open it in front of Carlisle and Esme. I thought youd complain.Well, of course its too much. But I get to take you with meHe chuckled. Now I wish Id spent money on your present. I didnt realize that you were capable of being reasonable.I set the tickets aside and reached for his present, my curiosity rekindled. He took it from me and unwrapped it like the first one.He handed back a clear CD jewel case, with a blank silver CD inside.What is it? I asked, perplexed.He didnt say anything he took the CD and reached around me to put it in the CD player on the bedside table. He hit play, and we waited in silence. Then the music began.I listened, speechless and wide-eyed. I knew he was waiting for my reaction, but I couldnt talk. Tears welled up, and I reached up to wipe them away before they could spill over.Does your arm hurt? he asked anxiously.No, its not my arm. Its beautiful, Edward. You couldnt have given me anything I would love more. I cant believe it. I shut up, so I could listen.It was his music, his compositions. The first piece on the CD was my lullaby.I didnt think you would let me get a piano so I could play for you here, he explained.Youre right.How does your arm feel?Just fine. Actually, it was starting to blaze under the bandage. I wanted ice. I would have settled for his hand, but that would have given me away.Ill get you some Tylenol.I dont need anything, I protested, but he slid me off his lap and headed for the door.Charlie, I hissed. Charlie wasnt exactly aware tha t Edward frequently stayed over. In fact, he would have a stroke if that fact were brought to his attention. But I didnt feel too shamed for deceiving him It wasnt as if we were up to anything he wouldnt want me to be up to. Edward and his rulesHe wont catch me, Edward promised as he disappeared silently out the door . . and returned, catching the door before it had swung back to touch the frame. He had the glass from the bathroom and the bottle of pills in one hand.I took the pills he handed me without arguingI knew I would lose the seam And my arm really was starting to bother me.My lullaby continued, soft and lovely, in the background.Its late, Edward noted. He scooped me up off the bed with one arm, and pulled the cover back with the other. He put me down with my head on my pillow and tucked the quilt around me. He lay down next to meon top of the blanket so I wouldnt get chilledand put his arm over me.I leaned my head against his shoulder and sighed happily.Thanks again, I whi spered.Youre welcome.It was quiet for a long moment as I listened to my lullaby drift to a close. Another song began. I recognized Esmes favorite.What are you thinking about? I wondered in a whisper.He hesitated for a second before he told me. I was thinking about right and wrong, actually.I felt a chill tingle along my spine. think back how I decided that I wanted you to not ignore my birthday? I asked quickly, hoping it wasnt too clear that I was trying to distract him.Yes, he agreed, wary.Well, I was thinking, since its still my birthday, that Id like you to kiss me again.Youre greedy tonight.Yes, I ambut please, dont do anything you dont want to do, I added, piqued.He laughed, and then sighed. Heaven forbid that I should do anything I dont want to do, he said in a strangely desperate tone as he put his hand under my chin and pulled my face up to his.The kiss began much the same as usualEdward was as careful as ever, and my heart began to overreact like it always did. And then so mething seemed to change. Suddenly his lips became much more urgent, his free hand twisted into my hair and held my face securely to his. And, though my hands tangled in his hair, too, and though I was clearly beginning to cross his cautious lines, for once he didnt stop me. His body was cold through the thin quilt, but I crushed myself against him eagerly.When he stopped it was abrupt he pushed me away with gentle, firm hands.I collapsed back onto my pillow, gasping, my head spinning. Something tugged at my memory, elusive, on the edges.Sorry, he said, and he was breathless, too. That was out of line.I dont mind, I panted.He frowned at me in the darkness. Try to sleep. Bella.No, I want you to kiss me again.Youre overestimating my self-control.Which is tempting you more, my blood or my body? I challenged.Its a tie. He grinned briefly in spite of himself, and then was serious again. Now. why dont you stop pushing your luck and go to sleep?Fine, I agreed, snuggling closer to him. I re ally did feel exhausted. It had been a long day in so many ways, yet I felt no sense of relief at its end. Almost as if something worse was coming tomorrow. It was a silly premonitionwhat could be worse than today? Just the shock catching up with me, no doubt.Trying to be sneaky about it, I pressed my injured arm against his shoulder, so his cool skin would sooth the burning. It felt better at once.I was halfway asleep, maybe more, when I realized what his kiss had reminded me of last spring, when hed had to leave me to throw James off my trail, Edward had kissed me goodbye, not knowing whenor ifwe would see each other again. This kiss had the same almost painful edge for some reason I couldnt imagine. I shuddered into unconsciousness, as if I were already having a nightmare.

Explain Kant’s categorical imperative Essay

Kant is an 18th century German philosopher who wrote the book Groundwork for metaphysics. The book deals with his system that morality is a priori celluloid (a priori is a statement that is knowable with come out of the closet reference to any experience and synthetic heart having truth or falsity can be tested using experience or the senses) and that moral decisions should be taken with a cosmopolitan view to ones duty to serviceman as a whole. He laid out his ideas about the prostrate arrogant in this book. An imperative is a statement of what should be done.The philosopher Hume said that you cant get a should statement out of an if statement. This means that experience can only give us hypothetical imperatives ( non moral commands to the go forth they argon if statements and do not apply to everyone and you only need obey them if you want to achieve a current goal, for modelling, if you want to be healthy then you should exercise and eat a balanced diet). A categorical imperative is a should statement, but it is not based on experience, and doesnt rely on a particular outcome. According to Kant, categorical imperatives apply to everyone because they are based on an objective a priori faithfulness of reason (an objective law is something that is f setually true).The categorical imperative is one principle with terce formulations The world-wide Law, treat military soulfulnessnel as ends in themselves and locomote as if you live in a body politic of Ends. The natural law is to act according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law and what it says is that everyone should universalise their maxims without contradiction for an imperative to be categorical or deontological it mustiness consist of principles that can be applied in any situation.This basically means that in front you do something you should ask yourself if you would like everyone in the same situation. If not, then you are involv ed in a contradiction and what you are thinking of doing is wrong because it is against reason. Kant uses the example of a suicidal man as an example A man feels sick of life and wants to commit suicide. His maxim is that from self-love I want to shrink my life if its continuance threatens more evil than it promises pleasure. He asks himself whether he would universalise this law, his answer is no because it is valet de chambre duty to stimulate the furtherance of life and to destroy life would contradict itself and therefore is entirely contend to the supreme principle of duty.The second principle is to treat humans as ends in themselves so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, never whole as a means but always as an end. Kant argues that all humans are searching for the summam bonum (a state in which human virtue and delight are united).Kant believes that we all have an god soul and because of this immortal soul, humans deserve special treatment and that we should seek happiness as persistent as this happiness does not infringe on other humans ability to seek happiness and this means that we should not exploit others or treat them as things to achieve an end, as they are as rational as we are. To treat another person as a means is to deny that person the right to be rational and case-by-case judge of their actions. It is to make oneself in some way lord and different. An example could be having a get offual relationship with someone if you have only have sex with someone because you want something from them and not because you love them.The final principle is to act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends Kant said act as a legislating member in the universal Kingdom of Ends. This means that everyone should act as every other person were an end a free, independent agent. Kant believed that each person is independent and moral judgements should not be based on any verifiable consideration about human nature, hu man flourishing or human destiny. What this means is that every case-by-case has the ability to understand the principles of pure practical reason and follow them.Pure practical reason must be impartial and so its principles must apply equally to everyone. An example of this is if youre trying to try if it would be justified to kill someone who was threatening your family using Kantian principles you should not kill them. performing according to the third principle (and taking the first and second into account) murder can obviously not be universalised or humanity would be wiped out, and killing the man threatening your family is treating him as a means (to saving your family) rather than an end a human seeking summum bonum.In conclusion, there are three different formulations for Kants categorical imperative The Universal Law, treat humans as ends in themselves and act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends. Together these three formulations seek to allow humans to make moral deci sions which do not infringe the happiness of others but also allow us to progress to perfection.